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Antibody News

AKT Antibody Assays: A Complex Area with an Easy Solution

Tuesday, September 20, 2011 - 10:05

We at Novus Biologicals place a lot of emphasis on the kinase signaling pathways. Kinases, or phosphotransferase enzymes play a key role in phosphorylation signaling. Over 500 human protein kinases have so far been discovered. They play essential roles in glucose metabolism, apoptosis, lipid transport, cell migration, cellular differentiation and other cellular functions. Additionally, they often play multiple roles, in more than one cascade. The complex nature of phosphotransferase pathways can be shown by the many areas that AKT antibody research covers.

Antibody research has identified three Akt proteins that play essential roles in many signaling pathways. Akt1 is known to play key roles in a number of pathways, including apoptosis, protein...

A Role for HIF-1 alpha Antibody in Renal Research

Thursday, September 15, 2011 - 11:37

The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are a family of mammalian transcription factors which are expressed in response to low cellular oxygen concentrations (hypoxia). Three human hypoxia inducible factors have been identified, HIF-1, HIF-2 and HIF-3, each having an alpha and a beta subunit. Our antibody catalog at Novus Biologicals includes a full range of HIF products, including  useful HIF-1 alpha antibody packs containing multiple different samples. The Hypoxia Inducible Factor antibody catalog is widely used in disease research, as hypoxia is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including kidney disease. Hypoxia is also a common complication following renal allograft, or transplant surgery, resulting in necrosis and...

How do Lipase A and the CD36 Antibody Relate to Each Other

Thursday, September 8, 2011 - 11:27

Obesity, diabetes and metabolic disorders are dramatically on the increase, linked to disorders such as heart disease, stroke and cancer. To combat this, research groups are studying metabolism at both a cellular and a systemic level. Although we at Novus Biologicals have a very extensive Lipid and Metabolism antibody catalog, we will focus on Lipase A and the CD36 antibodies here.

The Lipase A, or Acid Cholesteryl Ester Hydrolase enzyme, is encoded by the LIPA gene. Located in the cell lysosomes, Lipase A plays an essential role in the metabolism, sequestration and degradation of cholesterol, mediating cholesterol uptake...

Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Homeostasis

Thursday, September 1, 2011 - 09:38

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) is a highly conserved heterodimeric transcription factor. Novus' antibody catalogue contains an extensive range of both HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 beta, useful for hypoxia, angiogenesis, cancer and many other areas of research.

The Hypoxia-inducible factors play an essential role in homeostasis, responding to changes in the available oxygen content of the cell. Specifically, they respond to hypoxic, or low oxygen conditions. There are three main members of the human HIF family, each comprising an alpha and beta subunit, encoded by a separate gene. All these proteins are represented in our antibody catalog, which has a particularly extensive range of top quality HIF-1 alpha antibody products...

New Primers Available for ChIP Procedures

Tuesday, August 30, 2011 - 09:42

Novus has recently released six new primer sets designed for use in real-time PCR DNA amplification of housekeeping, silent, or heterochromatin associated proteins. Specifically, the primers are for GAPDH, RPL30, MyoD1, AFM, alpha Satellite, and Satellite 2. Each primer set has been thoroughly tested and validated for chromatin immunoprecipitation using our ChIP protocol, and the results from these characterizations are available on the product datasheets.

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The ABCA1 Antibody and ABC Transporter Research

Thursday, August 25, 2011 - 10:17

The ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins which play an essential role in membrane transport in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans, ABC transporters have been implicated in many conditions. For example, ABCA1 antibody research has shown mutations in the ABCA1 gene can cause Tangier disease, while the ABCB family causes multiple drug resistance. We at Novus Biologicals have a large antibody database of ABC transporters and related proteins, for a variety of species and applications.

ABC transporters use energy harnessed from ATP hydrolysis, to carry out a range of functions, including the translocation of lipids, drugs and metabolic substrates across intracellular and extracellular membranes. However, research has also shown that some proteins do not have a membrane transport...

The GAPDH Antibody: A ChIP Off the Old Block

Tuesday, August 23, 2011 - 13:32

GAPDH antibodies are commonly used as a loading control, due to GAPDH's widespread function as a house-keeping protein. As a leading scientific research antibody supplier, Novus Biologicals offer a wide range of GAPDH antibody reagents and support products.

One of the uses for the GAPDH antibody is in double-label immunofluorescence assays, where SiRNA uptake is correlated with down-regulation of target expression. Using a GAPDH antibody, scientists can detect reduced levels of GADPH actuated by SiRNA. In Western Blot, GAPDH antibodies are used to analyse GAPDH in relation to other related proteins, including actin, tubulin, and the amyloid precursor protein.

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Automated Antibody Immunoprecipitation with the Precipitor - Saving Time and Money

Friday, August 19, 2011 - 11:25

We at Novus Biologicals have a large catalogue of protein, peptide and antibody products to choose from. To make life easier for researchers, our catalog includes products like the actin antibody pack, which contains two actin antibody vials mapped to the N-termini of human beta and gamma actin.

Antibody packs contain multiple vials of similarly targeted immunoglobulins, which researchers can test to find the best product for their assay. Buying them in kit form saves the tedium of hunting through the catalog to match up likely products (of which there are over 500 for the actin antibody alone). However, the process can be improved even further with the PrecipitorTM Affinity Magnetic Precipitation System.

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Pancreatic Cancer Research Targets Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Thursday, August 18, 2011 - 14:08

The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway (HSP) is an important pathway involved in embryonic development by regulating cell differentiation. This pathway has also become an increasingly hot topic in cancer research in recent years. The HSP involves the interaction between several targets to activate members of the Gli family of transcription factors, such as Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3.
The HSP is activated when Hegehog homolog (Sonic Hedgehog, Desert Hedgehog, Indian Hedgehog) binds to Patched (PTCH). This binding to PTCH by the Hedgehog homolog induces activation of Smoothened (Smo). This causes a buildup of Ci protein in the cytoplasm. The Ci protein translocates to the nucleus and activates the Gli family.

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Exploring how ABCG8 Affects Heart Disease

Monday, August 15, 2011 - 14:48

The high prevalence of atherosclerosis in developed nations is not breaking news; it has been well established that heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, and it presents a major socioeconomic burden. Investigators across the globe have been laboring for decades to unravel the molecular mechanisms that contribute to atherosclerosis, and while some of the major players in these pathways have been identified, unanswered questions persist.  Over the past ten years, an enormous amount of work has been done to establish the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in lipid trafficking, and their subsequent influence on the development of atherosclerosis.  Two rare diseases have been identified as models for studying the effects of ABC transporter mutations on the progression of atherosclerosis: Tangier disease, which is caused by a mutation in ABCA1, and sitosterolemia, which occurs as a result of mutations in either...

Understanding EEA1's Role in Membrane Endosome Fusion

Thursday, July 28, 2011 - 03:34

EEA1, or Early Endosome Antigen 1 is a Rab5 effector essential for early endocytic membrane fusion. The EEA1 antibody is used in membrane trafficking and chaperone studies, and as an endosome marker. We at Novus Biologicals have a comprehensive antibody catalog of EEA1 products.

A homodimeric endosomal trafficking protein which was originally identified as an autoantigen, EEA1 antibody studies have shown the protein has a C-terminal FYVE zinc finger domain, which interacts with PtdIns[3]P (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) enriched membrane vesicles, playing a vital role in the docking and fusion of early endosomes and penetrating bilayers.

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Profiling the Profilin 1 Antibody

Monday, July 25, 2011 - 03:23

Profilin-1, or Pfn-1, is a small actin-binding protein which plays an essential role controlling the growth of microfilaments. Profilin 1 and Profilin 2 have similar biochemical properties but are expressed in different tissues. The Profilin 1 antibody targets the more common form of the protein, which is expressed everywhere but the skeletal muscle. We at Novus Biologicals have an extensive range of Profilin I and Profilin II antibody products in our antibody catalog.

Profilin regulates the spatial and temporal growth of actin microfilaments, thus aiding cellular migration, changes in cellular morphology, and processes such as organ development and wound healing to take place. Profilin mainly binds to actin, but has over 50 binding partners in total. Profilin I antibody studies have shown that the protein may have other functions apart from actin regulation.

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Bax Research Gives New Insight into Oxidative Apoptosis

Wednesday, July 20, 2011 - 03:20

Bax is a member of the Bcl-2 family; an extensive range of proteins which play key roles in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, by regulating outer mitochondrial membrane permeability. We at Novus Biologicals are one of the leading antibody suppliers for apoptosis research, with an extensive range of Bax antibody products.

The Bcl-2 proteins share one or more conserved domains (BH1 – 4.) They are divided into three subfamilies based on their function and domain: Antiapoptotic (i.e. pro-survival); proapoptotic multidomain, and proapoptotic BH3-domain only. The BH domains are essential to heterodimerisation between family members. Cellular homeostasis is maintained by the balance of activity between pro- and antiapoptotic proteins.

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TNF Alpha Antibodies: Potential Therapeutic Tools

Thursday, July 14, 2011 - 03:17

Tumor necrosis factor alpha, or TNF alpha antibody products are widely used in cytokine and immunology research. TNF alpha is a pleiotropic ligand which plays an essential role in apoptosis, immune system development and the inflammatory response. We at Novus Biologicals have a number of TNF alpha antibody products in our catalog, which was recently enhanced by the addition of a new neutralizing TNF alpha antibody (NBP1-43235) . It is reactive against mouse, rat and rabbit tumour TNF-a, but not the human form of the antigen.

In nature, neutralizing antibodies defend cells from attack by antigens by neutralizing their biological effects. Normally, antibody binding flags antigens, which signal for their destruction – a response which may be...

Using Ubiquitin Antibodies in Various Disease Research

Monday, July 11, 2011 - 03:15

Ubiquitin is a small, highly conserved protein which plays an important role in protein breakdown, covalently bonding to proteins to mark them for proteolytic degradation in a process called ubiquitination. Ubiquitin also binds to inclusion bodies (accumulations of protein) in pathological conditions such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer's disease. Ubiquitin antibody products are therefore useful for identifying inclusions in neuroscience research.

The Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway, or UPP, is the principal method for protein degradation in normal cells, and central to the regulation of many cellular processes, including...

Notch Antibody Proves Metastatic Lung Cancer Has a Jagged Edge

Wednesday, June 29, 2011 - 07:48

We at Novus Biologicals are one of the leading antibody suppliers for cancer research. In a recent Notch antibody study, the Notch ligand Jagged 2 was found to promote the growth of metastatic lung cancer cells by inhibiting miR-200, which blocks epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) – an early stage in metastasis which, if blocked, can prevent secondary tumour growth.

The Notch proteins are large single-pass transmembrane receptors, important to embryonic development cell signalling. It comprises an intracellular and extracellular domain, the latter being composed of EGF-like repeats and cysteine-rich Notch/Lin-12 repeats. Notch signalling is initiated following Delta or Jagged1/2 ligand binding. Antibody studies have shown this results in cleavage of the extracellular domain, initiating translocation of the intracellular fragment to the nucleus, triggering transcription...

The Sox2 Antibody Aids Brain Cancer Research

Wednesday, June 22, 2011 - 07:47

The Sox2 antibody is widely used in sensory, neuroscience and stem cell marker research. Recently, Sox2 antibody preparations identified the Sox2 protein as a marker for malignant neural gliomas. We at Novus Biologicals offer a wide variety of highly validated Sox2 antibodies.

SOX2 (also known as SRY-related HMG BOX gene 2), encodes a transcription factor essential to embryonic stem cell pluripotency and early neural development. It forms a trimeric complex with OCT4, controlling expression of YES1,...

The Adiponectin Antibody: Obesity, Diabetes and Breast Cancer Research

Friday, June 17, 2011 - 07:44

Adiponectin (also called ADIPOQ) is a cytokine expressed exclusively in adipose tissue. It has a number of functions, regulating lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis and the inflammatory response. Adiponectin antibody products are widely used in diabetes, obesity and lipid metabolism research. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in women. New adiponectin antibodies recently proved important in this area of research.

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The Role of the MMP2 Antibody in Colorectal Cancer Research

Monday, June 13, 2011 - 07:42

The enzymes of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) family assist in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, under both normal and pathological conditions. MMP antibodies have identified roles in a number of physiological processes, such as embryonic development and tissue remodelling. They also regulate enzyme cascades, expression of various proteins and the migration of both normal and malignant cells.

The MMP2 antibody is used in a number of research areas, including metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis and tumor suppression. MMP2 antibody studies have shown MMP2 plays a specific role in the degradation of collagens and Gelatin 1. It also functions in angiogenesis, tissue repair, vascularization, inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque rupture, endometrial menstrual breakdown and tumour...

Working with the V5 Tag Antibody

Friday, June 10, 2011 - 07:39

The V5 tag antibody identifies the V5 epitope tag, enabling proteins of interest to be analyzed and studied via ELISA, Western blot and other immunochemical methods. We at Novus Biologicals are one of the leading suppliers of epitope tag reagents, with an extensive range of V5 tag antibody products on our antibody database.

An epitope tag is a short peptide sequence, which is bioengineered onto the N- or C- terminus of a protein so it can be recognized by the equivalent antibody, or antibody paratope (i.e. the area of the immunoglobulin receptive to that tag).

Western Blot: V5-TAG Antibody

Epitope tags are created using recombinant DNA technology, which allows the fusion of a short sequence of...

5 Stars for the Lightning-Link HRP Antibody Labeling Kit

Wednesday, June 8, 2011 - 10:05

Novus' Lightning-Link HRP Antibody Labeling Kit (cat# 701-0000) has received some glowing product reviews and customer feedback lately. One satisfied customer wrote, "Fast, efficient, stable direct HRP conjugation - best reagent we have found..." Another reviewer wrote, "This conjugation kit worked beautifully [and] the procedure is so simple. Although we had some [initial] concerns, it worked very well."

Titration: Lightning Link Conjugation Kit

The Lightning-Link Antibody Labeling Kits are one step labeling procedures that provide 100% antibody recovery, but require only 30 seconds...

Win $500 to attend your next Conference on Novus!

Monday, June 6, 2011 - 12:24

Novus is launching a new Travel Grant offer for researchers who provide feedback on our antibodies.

For each complete product review that you submit, you will be entered into a drawing for a $500 travel grant! We will select a winner every 3 months - giving you 4 chances for you to win each year!  The winner will receive a $200 airline voucher and $300 towards registration for a scientific conference of your choice.

Complete reviews will require a descriptive summary of the experiment and results, regardless of whether they are positive or negative, and a high quality image. However, researchers may also submit reviews for previously untested species and applications that are being tested under the Innovators Reward Program. Therefore, you could earn Innovators Rewards, Novus points toward a future discount, and be entered to win the Travel Voucher, all by submitting one review...

Survivin Acetylation: Affecting Apoptosis and Cancer

Thursday, June 2, 2011 - 11:48

Survivin (BRIC5) is an inhibitor of apoptosis that also promotes cellular adaptation under stressful conditions and helps to regulate cell division. Recently, an antibody study by Dr. H Wang et al. at Brown University [PMID: 20826784] found that Survivin is acetylated at lysine residue 129, thereby affecting its subsequent subcellular localization. Specifically, acetylation promotes Survivin to homodimerize and localize in the nucleus, whereas deacetylation causes heterodimerization with CRM1 and export from the nucleus.

Additionally, the authors found that acetylation causes the nuclear-localized Survivin to bind to STAT3 and inhibit the activation of STAT3 target oncogenes. This was confirmed using a mutated 129K nucleotide to...

Spotlight on SNX27 Antibodies

Wednesday, June 1, 2011 - 11:24

Sorting Nexin Family Member 27 (SNX27) binds the cell membrane to regulate endocytic vesicular and protein trafficking. SNX27 has also been shown to play a key role in the endocytic recycling pathway, whereby internalized membrane proteins and lipids are degraded and recycled into the cell, in T lymphocytes. In their groundbreaking work on endocytic recycling pathways, Dr. F Maxfield and Dr. T McGraw showed that these pathways are essential for proper organelle maintenance and homeostatic regulation of molecules.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SNX27 Antibody

Although it contains the characteristic internal endosome binding PZ domain,...

The Ki67 Antibody in Cell Marker Studies

Monday, May 30, 2011 - 02:15

The MK167, or Ki67 antibody recognizes a nuclear protein encoded by the MK167 gene. Ki167 is involved with RNA transcription and essential to cellular proliferation, being expressed by proliferating cells at all stages of the active cell cycle; it is exclusively used as a marker for cellular proliferation. The Ki67 antibody is a useful tool in cancer research and neuroscience studies; however, MIB-1 antibodies also target the Ki67 marker and are preferred for clinical use. During interphase, Ki67 is exclusively located in the nucleus, but relocates to the chromosome surface during cell division. The Ki67 antibody is a highly useful aid for determining the growth faction of cell populations in neoplasms and tumors, particularly those of the brain, prostate and...

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