Cancer Research Scope: Novus Biologicals

Cancer Research Scope

Cancer encompasses a wide range of diseases where cellular proliferation goes unchecked leading to increased cell growth and decreased cell death. Genetic alterations, which may be inherited or result from environmental influence, represent the main basic underlying mechanism for disease onset and progression. Accelerated growth, programmed cell death evasion, immune checkpoint evasion and ability to invade distant tissues are all hallmark properties of cancerous cells. These abnormal cellular properties are brought about by mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, including proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Additionally, mutations in genes involved in DNA repair further undermine the integrity of DNA sequences facilitating the accumulation of multiple DNA lesions in cancer cells.

Read about Current Cancer Topics

Traditionally, cancer types have been identified based on the site of origin and afflicted organ or tissue. In the US, prostate and breast cancer represent the most prevalent cancer types afflicting males and females, respectively. It is also noteworthy that lung cancer causes ~25% of cancer-related deaths in both males and females. Lung cancer causes more deaths annually than breast, prostate, and colon cancer combined.

Explore Antibodies by Cancer Type

Brain - Glioma	Genital system - Prostate Cancer	Oral cavity & pharynx - Mouth Neoplasm
Breast - Ductal Breast Carcinoma	Leukemia - Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia	Respiratory system - Lung Malignant Neoplasm
Digestive system - Colorectal Cancer	Lymphoma - Hodgkin Disease	Skin - Melanoma
Endocrine system - Pancreas Malignant Neoplasm	Myeloma - Multiple Myeloma	Urinary system - Renal Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma 92% MCAM/CD416		Colon 30% APC
Kidney 43% Neprilysin		Prostate 58% Kallikrein
Lung 92% Survivin		Breast Brca1
*Estimated Number of New Cancer Cases, US, 2018. Estimated new cases are based on 2000-2014 incidence data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). : https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2018/cancer-facts-and-figures-2018.pdf

Find All Cancer Products

Cancer Related Proteins	Cancer Type	Function
APC (adenomatous polyposis coli)*	Colorectal cancer: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) Colorectal cancer and medulloblastoma: Turcot syndrome Gastric cancer	Tumor suppressor frequently mutated in FAP, a progressive condition characterized by the development of abundant polyps in the colon leading to colorectal cancer. Mutations in APC commonly lead to a C-terminal truncated product, affecting the interaction of APC with beta-catenin and microtubules.
Kallikrein-3/PSA (Prostate specific antigen: PSA)	Prostate cancer	Serine protease with abnormal expression in prostate cancer and used as biomarker for disease diagnosis and monitoring. The expression of other Kallikrein family members (e.g., KLK 2, KLK 4, KLK 11, KLK 14, KLK 15) is upregulated in prostate cancer.
BRCA1 (breast cancer early-onset 1)	Breast cancer Ovarian carcinoma	Tumor suppressor involved in control of DNA replication and repair. Reduced BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression is associated with breast and ovarian tumorigenesis. Increased NFKb activation is associated with proliferation of BRAC1 deficient mammary progenitor cells.
Survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5/ BIRC5)	Lung cancer Breast cancer Oesophageal cancer	Inhibitor of cell death that belongs to the IAP family (e.g., XIAP, cIAP and NAIP). Cell death inhibition is mediated via caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Survivin is overexpressed in most cancer types.
Neprilysin/CD10 (neutral endopeptidase)	Prostate cancer Pancreas cancer Lung cancer	Cell surface expressed zinc metallopeptidase involved in the processing of several peptides (e.g., neuropeptides and inflammatory peptides). Neprilysin serves as a biomarker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma and clear cell renal carcinoma.
MCAM/CD146 (Melanoma-associated antigen MUC18)	Prostate cancer Melanoma Pancreatic cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Breast cancer	Transmembrane glycoprotein involved in endothelial cell adhesion. Overexpression of MCAM is associated with increased metastasis in prostate cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, MCAM overexpression promotes EMT through RhoA signaling and induced Slug expression.

*APC gene: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/APC#conditions

Select References

Aoki, K., & Taketo, M. M. (2007). Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC): a multi-functional tumor suppressor gene. Journal of Cell Science. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.03485

Fuhrman-Luck, R. A., Loessner, D., & Clements, J. A. (2014). Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Prostate Cancer: From Molecular Function to Clinical Application. EJIFCC. PMCID: PMC4975200

Goldar, S., Khaniani, M. S., Derakhshan, S. M., & Baradaran, B. (2015). Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.6.2129

Hassanpour, S. H., & Dehghani, M. (2017). Review of cancer from perspective of molecular. Journal of Cancer Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrpr.2017.07.001

Jaiswal, P. K., Goel, A., & Mittal, R. D. (2015). Survivin: A molecular biomarker in cancer. Indian Journal of Medical Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.592

Maguer-Satta, V., Besançon, R., & Bachelard-Cascales, E. (2011). Concise review: Neutral endopeptidase (CD10): A multifaceted environment actor in stem cells, physiological mechanisms, and cancer. Stem Cells. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.592

Sau, A., Lau, R., Cabrita, M. A., Nolan, E., Crooks, P. A., Visvader, J. E., & Pratt, M. A. C. (2016). Persistent Activation of NF-κB in BRCA1-Deficient Mammary Progenitors Drives Aberrant Proliferation and Accumulation of DNA Damage. Cell Stem Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.003

Yang, D., Wu, Z., Duan, H., Luo, Y., Lu, D., Li, W., … Yan, X. (2011). CD146, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, is associated with triple-negative breast cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111053108

Zamay, T. N., Zamay, G. S., Kolovskaya, O. S., Zukov, R. A., Petrova, M. M., Gargaun, A., … Kichkailo, A. S. (2017). Current and prospective protein biomarkers of lung cancer. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers9110155