Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (AE-1/AE-3) - Azide and BSA Free

Cytokeratins are a family of intermediate filamentous proteins that are expressed by epithelial cells (1,2). Cytokeratins range in size with a theoretic molecular weight varying from approximately 40 kDa to 68 kDa (2,3). The cytokeratin family consists of 20 polypeptides that are further divided into two main groups based on isoelectric point and molecular weight (1-3). The type I group are smaller, acidic polypeptides designated as cytokeratin 9 through cytokeratin 20 (CK9 - CK20) (1-4). Conversely, CK1 - CK8 belong to the type II group, classified as larger, basic or neutral polypeptides (1-4). Structurally, cytokeratins have homologous basic structure with other intermediate filaments; they possess a 300-315 amino acid (aa) central helical region that consists of four conserved domains (1A, 2A, 1B, and 2B) which are separated by linker domains (L1, L12, and L2) (1,5). Additionally, flanking this central region, both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends have a homologous subdomain (H), a variable domain (V), and charged end subdomains (E) (1). Furthermore, the central rod of one cytokeratin monomer binds with another monomer to form a coiled-coil dimer which subsequently binds another dimer to form a tertramer (3). Finally, many tetramers join together to ultimately form an intermediate filament of approximately 10nm in diameter (1-3, 5). Cytokeratins are expressed as pairs, typically with a type I and type II member; for example, CK10 pairs with CK1 (1,3).

Epithelial cells express multiple subtypes of cytokeratins which can be used to classify epithelial cell type or differentiation status, as well tumor progression or diagnosis (2). Cytokeratins are important for both stability and integrity of epithelial cells and function in intracellular signaling, from wound healing to apoptosis (1). Cytokeratins are useful immunohistochemistry tumor markers and antibodies to cytokeratins are a common pathological tool (1,3,6). Cytokeratin pan antibody is an antibody cocktail mixture that can detect multiple cytokeratins and reacts to multiple epithelial tissues (1,3,6). For example, AE-1/AE-3 is a commonly used specific pan cytokeratin that detects cytokeratins 1-8, 10, 14-16 and 19 (1,3,6).

Given the role of cytokeratins in the structural integrity of epithelial cells, mutations in cytokeratins have been shown to play a role in a variety of human diseases including epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) (4,5). EBS is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by missense mutations in either CK5 or CK14 (5). Other known cytokeratin-related disorders include bullous ichthyosis, a skin disorder characterized by redness, blistering, and hyperkeratosis, and epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK), which results in hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles of the body (7).

References

1. Awasthi, P., Thahriani, A., Bhattacharya, A., Awasthi, P., & Keratins, B. A. (2016). Keratins or cytokeratins: a review article. Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research. https://10.21276/jamdsr.2016.4.4.30

2. Southgate, J., Harnden, P., & Trejdosiewicz, L. K. (1999). Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histology and histopathology. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-14.657

3. Belaldavar, C., Mane, D. R., Hallikerimath, S., Kale, A. D. (2016). Cytokeratins: Its role and expression profile in oral health and disease. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.08.001.

4. Linder S. (2007). Cytokeratin markers come of age. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1159/000107582

5. Jacob, J. T., Coulombe, P. A., Kwan, R., & Omary, M. B. (2018). Types I and II Keratin Intermediate Filaments. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a018275

6. Ordonez N. G. (2013). Broad-spectrum immunohistochemical epithelial markers: a review. Human pathology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.016

7. McLean, W. H., & Moore, C. B. (2011). Keratin disorders: from gene to therapy. Human molecular genetics. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr379

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Human, Zebrafish.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: FLOW, Flow Cytometry, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 22. Show All 22 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NBP2-33200	Applications	Species
Casper W.F. van Eijck, Francisco X. Real, Núria Malats, Disha Vadgama, Thierry P.P. van den Bosch, Michail Doukas, Casper H.J. van Eijck, Dana A.M. Mustafa GATA6 identifies an immune-enriched phenotype linked to favorable outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing upfront surgery Cell Reports Medicine 2024-05-10 [PMID: 38733987]
Adrian J. Rodrigues, Sophia B. Chernikova, Yuelong Wang, Thy T. H. Trinh, David E. Solow-Cordero, Ludmila Alexandrova, Kerriann M. Casey, Elizabeth Alli, Abhishek Aggarwal, Tyler Quill, Ashley K. Koegel, Brian J. Feldman, James M. Ford, Melanie Hayden-Gephart Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer CNS metastasis Journal of Neuro-Oncology 2024-04-02 [PMID: 38563850]
Md. Hafiz Uddin, Mohammad Najeeb Al‐Hallak, Husain Yar Khan, Amro Aboukameel, Yiwei Li, Sahar F. Bannoura, Gregory Dyson, Seongho Kim, Yosef Mzannar, Ibrahim Azar, Tanya Odisho, Amr Mohamed, Yosef Landesman, Steve Kim, Rafic Beydoun, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Philip A. Philip, Anthony F. Shields, Asfar S. Azmi Molecular analysis of XPO1 inhibitor and gemcitabine–nab‐paclitaxel combination in KPC pancreatic cancer mouse model Clinical and Translational Medicine 2023-12-22 [PMID: 38131168]
Schweizer L, Krishnan R, Shimizu A et al. Spatial proteo-transcriptomic profiling reveals the molecular landscape of borderline ovarian tumors and their invasive progression medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2023-11-13 [PMID: 38014221] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Huang H, Li N, Liang Y et al. Multi-omics analyses reveal spatial heterogeneity in primary and metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma Clinical and translational medicine 2023-11-01 [PMID: 38009315] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Helgers LC, Keijzer NCH, van Hamme JL et al. Dengue virus infects human skin Langerhans cells via langerin for dissemination to dendritic cells The Journal of investigative dermatology 2023-11-16 [PMID: 37979773] (FLOW, Human)	FLOW	Human
Zhou AS, Tucker JB, Scribano CM et al. Diverse microtubule-targeted anticancer agents kill cells by inducing chromosome missegregation on multipolar spindles PLoS biology 2023-10-01 [PMID: 37883329] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Dilution 1:100; conjugated with AF647	IHC-P	Human
Riedinger CJ, Esnakula A, Haight PJ et al. Characterization of mismatch-repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI)-discordant endometrial cancers Cancer 2023-09-26 [PMID: 37751191]
Ying L, Zhang C, Reuben A et al. Immune-active tumor-adjacent tissues are associated with favorable prognosis in stage I lung squamous cell carcinoma iScience 2023-09-15 [PMID: 37694148]
Gadwa J, Amann M, Bickett TE et al. Selective targeting of IL2R?? combined with radiotherapy triggers CD8- and NK-mediated immunity, abrogating metastasis in HNSCC Cell Reports Medicine 2023-08-15 [PMID: 37586327] (Flow Cytometry)	Flow Cytometry
Jim�nez-S�nchez D, L�pez-Janeiro �, Villalba-Esparza M et al. Weakly supervised deep learning to predict recurrence in low-grade endometrial cancer from multiplexed immunofluorescence images NPJ digital medicine 2023-03-23 [PMID: 36959234] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Dilution used in IHC-P 1:150	IHC-P	Human
Park S, Karalis JD, Hong C et al. ACTA2 expression predicts survival and is associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2022-12-12 [PMID: 36508166]
Rannikko J, Verlingue L, de Miguel M et al. Bexmarilimab-induced macrophage activation leads to treatment benefit in solid tumors: the phase I/II first-in-human MATINS trial medRxiv 2023-04-18 (IHC, Human)	IHC	Human
Xie Z, Niu L, Du K et al. Single-cell analysis reveals endothelial cell heterogeneity in colorectal cancer: Tip cells drive enhanced angiogenesis and reduced antigen presentation Research Square 2023-08-31 (IHC-P, Human) Details: 1:200 dilution	IHC-P	Human
Macchiarella G, Cornacchione V, Cojean C et al. Disease Association of Anti?Carboxyethyl Lysine Autoantibodies in Hidradenitis Suppurativa The Journal of investigative dermatology 2023-02-01 [PMID: 36116506] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Yerly L, Pich-Bavastro C, Di Domizio J Et al. Integrated multi-omics reveals cellular and molecular interactions governing the invasive niche of basal cell carcinoma Nat Commun 2022-08-19 [PMID: 35986012] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free version of this antibody.	IHC-P	Human
Ozturk H, Cingoz H, Tufan T Et al. ISL2 is a putative tumor suppressor whose epigenetic silencing reprograms the metabolism of pancreatic cancer Dev Cell 2022-05-04 [PMID: 35508175] Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free version of this antibody.
Dance YW, Meshulam T, Seibel AJ Et al. Adipose Stroma Accelerates the Invasion and Escape of Human Breast Cancer Cells from an Engineered Microtumor Cell Mol Bioeng 2022-01-31 [PMID: 35096184] Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free version of this antibody.
Fukushima K, Satoh T, Sugihara F et Al. Dysregulated Expression of the Nuclear Exosome Targeting Complex Component Rbm7 in Nonhematopoietic Cells Licenses the Development of Fibrosis Immunity. [PMID: 32187520]
Oppel F, Tao T, Shi H et al. Loss of atrx cooperates with p53-deficiency to promote the development of sarcomas and other malignancies. PLoS Genet. 2019-04-10 [PMID: 30970016] (IHC-P, Zebrafish) Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free form of this antibody.	IHC-P	Zebrafish
Wan J, Block S, Scribano CM et al. Mad1 destabilizes p53 by preventing PML from sequestering MDM2 Nature communications 2019-04-04 [PMID: 30948704] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Jensen T, Wanczyk H, Sharma I et al. Polyurethane scaffolds seeded with autologous cells can regenerate long esophageal gaps: An esophageal atresia treatment model. J Pediatr Surg. 2018-10-22 [PMID: 30429066] (ICC/IF) Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free form of this antibody.	ICC/IF
Show All 22 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array NBP2-33200

• Cytokeratin, pan Antibodies