CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (KP1) - BSA Free

Human CD68, also known as GP110, LAMP4, Scavenger Receptor D1 (SR-D1) or macrosialin in mouse, encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. Members of the LAMP family include LAMP-1, LAMP-2, dendritic cell (DC)-LAMP (aka CD208), and brain and dendritic cell-associated (BAD)-LAMP (aka LAMP-5). Unlike the two LAMP domains facing the lysosomal lumen in LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, CD68 has a single LAMP domain containing four cystines spaced 36-37 residues apart along with an N-terminal Mucin-like domain. The 354 amino acid (a.a.) human CD68 and 326 a.a. murine ortholog share 80.6% a.a. sequence identity (1).

CD68 is highly expressed in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system such as macrophages, microglia, osteoclasts, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs); and is expressed to a lesser extent in lymphoid cells (CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes), human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells, multiple non-hematopoietic cancer cell lines, and human arterial intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Expression has been also observed in diseased states for granulocytes and neutrophils, in particular basophils from myeloproliferative disorders and intestinal neutrophils from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), respectively (1).

Although the function of CD68 has yet to be established, it has often been used as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker of inflammation and for granular cell tumors (GCTs). CD68+ tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) has been suggested to be a predictive marker for poor cancer prognosis, but a meta-analysis showed the presence of CD68 is not correlated with survival (2). In addition, a role in hepatic malaria infection has been reported based on the finding that peptide P39 binds CD68, considered a receptor for malaria sporozoite, and inhibits parasite entry into Kupffer cells. CD68 was deemed a member of the Scavenger receptor family due to its upregulation in macrophages following inflammatory stimuli, ability to bind modified LDL, phosphatidylserine, and apoptotic cells, as well as shuttling between the plasma membrane and endosomes. CD68 has been linked to atherogenesis based on binding and internalization of its ligand, oxLDL (1).

References

1. Chistiakov, DA, Killingsworth, MC, Myasoedova, VA. Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. (2017) CD68/macrosialin: not just a histochemical marker. Lab Invest. 97:4-13. PMID: 27869795

2. Troiano G, Caponio VCA, Adipietro I, Tepedino M, Santoro R, Laino L, Lo Russo L, Cirillo N, Lo Muzio L. (2019) Prognostic significance of CD68+ and CD163+ tumor associated macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 93:66-75. PMID: 31109698.

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat.

We have publications tested in 13 applications: FLOW, ICC/IF, IF, IF/IHC, IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, In vivo assay, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 68. Show All 68 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB100-683	Applications	Species
Pan Y, Hu Q, Yang Y et al. Characterization of pain-related behaviors and gene expression profiling of peripheral sensory ganglia in a mouse model of acute ankle sprain Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2023-05-25 [PMID: 37304762] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)	IHC-Fr	Mouse
Lim CS, Veltri B, Kashon M et al. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase expression and enhance the polarization and function of M1 macrophages in�vitro Nanotoxicology 2023-04-28 [PMID: 37115655]
CY Lin, KY Huang, SH Kao, MS Lin, CC Lin, SC Yang, WC Chung, YH Chang, RJ Chein, PC Yang Small-molecule PIK-93 modulates the tumor microenvironment to improve immune checkpoint blockade response Science Advances, 2023-04-07;9(14):eade9944. 2023-04-07 [PMID: 37027467]
Maria A. Beamer, Cassandra Zamora, Andrea L. Nestor-Kalinoski, Veani Fernando, Vandana Sharma, Saori Furuta Novel 3D Flipwell system that models gut mucosal microenvironment for studying interactions between gut microbiota, epithelia and immunity Scientific Reports 2023-01-17 [PMID: 36650266]
Zhai M, Gong S, Luan P et al. Extracellular traps from activated vascular smooth muscle cells drive the progression of atherosclerosis Nature communications 2022-12-06 [PMID: 36473863] (WB, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, Mouse, Human)	WB, IHC-Fr, IHC-P	Mouse, Human
Kater MSJ, Huffels CFM, Oshima T et al. Prevention of microgliosis halts early memory loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease Brain, behavior, and immunity 2022-10-18 [PMID: 36270437] (IHC-Fr, Mouse) Details: Dilution used for IHC 1:100	IHC-Fr	Mouse
Real F, Zhu A, Huang B et al. S100A8-mediated metabolic adaptation controls HIV-1 persistence in macrophages in vivo Nature communications 2022-10-11 [PMID: 36220814] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Zhang J, Yin Z, Yu L et al. Macrophage Rmp Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction by Modulating Macrophage Polarization in Mice Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022-09-01 [PMID: 36092156] (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence)	Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
Stock AT, Parsons S, Sharma VJ et al. Intimal macrophages develop from circulating monocytes during vasculitis Clinical & translational immunology 2022-08-13 [PMID: 35991774] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yang Z et al. Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway Pathogens and global health 2023-06-01 [PMID: 35876088] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Rivellese F, Surace AEA, Goldmann K Et al. Rituximab versus tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: synovial biopsy-based biomarker analysis of the phase 4 R4RA randomized trial Nat Med 2022-05-19 [PMID: 35589854] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Citation using the Alexa Fluor 532 version of this antibody.	IHC-P	Human
Zhang, S;Zhou, Y;Xian, H;Shi, Y;Liu, Y;Li, Z;Huang, Y; Nerve regeneration in rat peripheral nerve allografts: An assessment of the role of endogenous neurotrophic factors in nerve cryopreservation and regeneration The European journal of neuroscience [PMID: 35332602]
Liu W, Danckwardt-Lilliestr�m N, Schrott-Fischer A et al. Distribution of Immune Cells Including Macrophages in the Human Cochlea Frontiers in Neurology 2021-11-22 [PMID: 34880828] (Immunohistochemistry)	Immunohistochemistry
Gredic M, Wu CY, Hadzic S et al. Myeloid-cell-specific deletion of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice The European respiratory journal 2022-04-01 [PMID: 34475225] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Jia X, Zhai T, Qu C et al. Metformin Reverses Hashimoto's Thyroiditis by Regulating Key Immune Events Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2021-05-28 [PMID: 34124070] (Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence)	Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
Atta G, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A et al. Scleraxis expressing scleral cells respond to inflammatory stimulation Histochemistry and cell biology 2021-05-08 [PMID: 33966129] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Jaworek C, Verel-Yilmaz Y, Driesch S et al. Cohort Analysis of ADAM8 Expression in the PDAC Tumor Stroma Journal of personalized medicine 2021-02-10 [PMID: 33578644]
JaEn RI, FernAndez-Velasco M, TerrOn V et al. BML-111 treatment prevents cardiac apoptosis and oxidative stress in a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis FASEB J. 2020-06-16 [PMID: 32543747] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Chen WC, Lin CY, Kuo SJ et al. Resistin Enhances VCAM-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion in Human Osteoarthritis Synovial Fibroblasts by Inhibiting MiR-381 Expression through the PKC, p38, and JNK Signaling Pathways Cells 2020-06-01 [PMID: 32492888] (IF/IHC, Rat)	IF/IHC	Rat
Wang M, Li H, Wang Y et al. Anti-Rheumatic Properties of Gentiopicroside Are Associated With Suppression of ROS-NF-kappa B-NLRP3 Axis in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and NF-kappa B Pathway in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Front Pharmacol 2020-05-04 [PMID: 32477105] (ICC/IF, Rat)	ICC/IF	Rat
Schoenenberger AD, Tempfer H, Lehner C et al. Macromechanics and polycaprolactone fiber organization drive macrophage polarization and regulate inflammatory activation of tendon in vitro and in vivo Biomaterials 2020-08-01 [PMID: 32315865] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Liu Y, Li M, Wei C et Al. TSP1-CD47-SIRP alpha signaling facilitates the development of endometriosis by mediating the survival of ectopic endometrium Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2020-03-20 [PMID: 32196807]
Chen LH, Yeh YM, Chen YF et al. Targeting interleukin-20 alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy Pain 2020-06-01 [PMID: 32068666] (In vivo assay)	In vivo assay
McCloskey CW, Cook DP, Kelly BS et al. Metformin abrogates age-associated ovarian fibrosis Clin. Cancer Res. 2019-10-09 [PMID: 31597663] (IF/IHC, IHC-P, Mouse, Human)	IF/IHC, IHC-P	Mouse, Human
Liu X, Chen J, Zhang B et al. KDM3A inhibition modulates macrophage polarization to aggravate post-MI injuries and accelerates adverse ventricular remodeling via an IRF4 signaling pathway Cell. Signal. 2019-09-09 [PMID: 31513837] (WB, IF, Rat)	WB, IF	Rat
Wu Y, Qin YH, Liu Y et al. Cardiac troponin I autoantibody induces myocardial dysfunction by PTEN signaling activation EBioMedicine 2019-08-29 [PMID: 31474552] (IHC-P, Human, Mouse)	IHC-P	Human, Mouse
Liu W, Kampfe Nordstrom C, Danckwardt-Lilliestrom N, Rask-Andersen H, Human Inner Ear Immune Activity: A Super-Resolution Immunohistochemistry Study Front Neurol 2019-07-10 [PMID: 31354608] (IHC-Fr, Human)	IHC-Fr	Human
Ding Jinli, Yin Tailang, Yan Nana et al. FasL on decidual macrophages mediates trophoblast apoptosis: A potential cause of recurrent miscarriage. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 2019-03-21 [PMID: 30942389] (IHC-P, ICC/IF, Human)	IHC-P, ICC/IF	Human
Kampfe Nordstrom C, Danckwardt-Lilliestrom N et al. The Human Endolymphatic Sac and Inner Ear Immunity: Macrophage Interaction and Molecular Expression. Front Immunol 2019-02-19 [PMID: 30774637] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Triulzi T, Forte L, Regondi V et al. HER2 signaling regulates the tumor immune microenvironment and trastuzumab efficacy OncoImmunology 2018-09-21 [PMID: 30546951] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Triulzi T, Regondi V, De Cecco L et al. Early immune modulation by single-agent trastuzumab as a marker of trastuzumab benefit. Br. J. Cancer. 2018-11-27 [PMID: 30478407] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
van Rooijen JM, Qiu SQ, Timmer-Bosscha H et al. Androgen receptor expression inversely correlates with immune cell infiltration in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 2018-09-09 [PMID: 30208359] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Li , Wang C, Li Z et al. Nano-sized Al2O3 particle-induced autophagy reduces osteolysis in aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty by negative feedback regulation of RANKL expression in fibroblasts Cell Death Dis 2018-08-12 [PMID: 30082761] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Xiang W, Shi R et al. Monoacylglycerol lipase regulates cannabinoid receptor 2-dependent macrophage activation and cancer progression. Nat Commun 2018-03-07 [PMID: 29968710] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Ao JY, Zhu XD, Chai ZT et al. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor blockade inhibits tumor growth by altering the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2017-06-01 [PMID: 28572167] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Liu X, Guo X, Li J et al. Interferon-gamma Aggravated L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Its Possible Mechanism: Trypsinogen Activation and Autophagy Up-regulation. Pancreas. 2017-04-04 [PMID: 28375949] (Rat)		Rat
Feng X, Weng D, Zhou F et al. Activation of PPARgamma by a Natural Flavonoid Modulator, Apigenin Ameliorates Obesity-Related Inflammation Via Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. EBioMedicine 2016-06-15 [PMID: 27374313] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Miao H, Ou J, Peng Y et al. Macrophage ABHD5 promotes colorectal cancer growth by suppressing spermidine production by SRM. Nat Commun 2016-05-18 [PMID: 27189574] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Koh MY, Gagea M, Sargis T et al. A new HIF-1alpha/RANTES driven pathway to hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by germline haploinsufficiency of SART1/HAF. Hepatology. 2016-01-22 [PMID: 26799785]
Pandurangan AK, Ismail S, Saadatdoust Z. Allicin Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-(DSS-) Induced Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2015-01-01 [PMID: 26075036] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Lin FY, Hsiao FP, Huang CY et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL Induces Osteoclastogenesis of Periodontal Ligament Cells and Enhances Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats. PLoS ONE 2014-07-25 [PMID: 25058444] (IHC-P, Rat) Details: IL6 antibody used in IHC-P for detecting the inflammation of the gingival connective tissue of Rats inoculated or not with Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL (inoculated into rat gingiva) - Figure 5B.	IHC-P	Rat
Joshi-Barr S, Bett C, Chiang WC et al. De novo prion aggregates trigger autophagy in skeletal muscle. J Virol 2013-12-04 [PMID: 24307586] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Herwig MC, Bergstrom C, Wells JR et al. M2/M1 ratio of tumor associated macrophages and PPAR-gamma expression in uveal melanomas with class 1 and class 2 molecular profiles Exp Eye Res 2012-11-30 [PMID: 23206928] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Spigoni V, Picconi A, Cito M et al. Pioglitazone Improves In Vitro Viability and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Individuals with Impaired Glucose Tolerance PLoS One 2012-01-01 [PMID: 23139771] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Ayari H, Legedz L, Lantelme P et al. Auto-amplification of cortisol actions in human carotid atheroma is linked to arterial remodeling and stroke Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012-10-03 [PMID: 23025717]
Chan CC, Cheng LY, Lin CL, Huang YH, Lin HC, Lee FY. The protective role of natural phytoalexin resveratrol on inflammation, fibrosis and regeneration in cholestatic liver injury. Mol Nutr Food Res;55(12):1841-9. 2011-12-01 [PMID: 22086758] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Della Puppa A, Persano L, Masi G et al. MGMT expression and promoter methylation status may depend on the site of surgical sample collection within glioblastoma: a possible pitfall in stratification of patients? . J Neurooncol. 2011-07-02 [PMID: 21725802]
Avouac J, Furnrohr BG, Tomcik M et al. Inactivation of the transcription factor STAT-4 prevents inflammation-driven fibrosis in animal models of systemic sclerosis Arthritis Rheum 2011-03-01 [PMID: 21360510] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Thenappan T, Goel A, Marsboom G et al. A central role for CD68(+) macrophages in hepatopulmonary syndrome Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011-04-15 [PMID: 21148721] (IF/IHC, ICC/IF, Human)	IF/IHC, ICC/IF	Human
Sun IC, Eun DK, Na JH et al. Heparin-coated gold nanoparticles for liver-specific CT imaging. Chemistry 2009 Dec 14 [PMID: 19902441] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Gottfried E, Kunz-Schughart LA, Weber A et al. Expression of CD68 in non-myeloid cell types. Scand J Immunol. 2008 May [PMID: 18405323] (IHC, FLOW, WB, Human)	IHC, FLOW, WB	Human
Canioni D, Salles G, Mounier N, et al. High numbers of tumor-associated macrophages have an adverse prognostic value that can be circumvented by rituximab in patients with follicular lymphoma enrolled onto the GELA-GOELAMS FL-2000 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008-01-20 [PMID: 18086798] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Lau SK, Chu PG Weiss LM. CD163: a specific marker of macrophages in paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004-11-01 [PMID: 15491976] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
King BL, Crisi GM, Tsai SC et al. Immunocytochemical analysis of breast cells obtained by ductal lavage. Cancer. 2002-08-25 [PMID: 12209667] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Chang CC, eshoa C, Kampalath B et al. Immunophenotypic profile of myeloid cells in granulocytic sarcoma by immunohistochemistry. Correlation with blast differentiation in bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000-11-01 [PMID: 11068557] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Mallat Z, Heymes C, Ohan J, et al. Expression of interleukin-10 in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: relation to inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cell death. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999-03-01 [PMID: 10073964] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Gravallese EM, Harada Y, Wang JT et al. Identification of cell types responsible for bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Pathol 1998-04-01 [PMID: 9546355] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Petrovichev NN et al. Antimacrophage monoclonal antibody D11 in the diagnosis of tumors of histiocytic origin. Acta Cytol 41:357-63. 1997-01-01 [PMID: 9100767]
Ramprasad MP, Terpstra V, Kondratenko N et al. Cell surface expression of mouse macrosialin and human CD68 and their role as macrophage receptors for oxidized low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996-12-10 [PMID: 8962141] (WB, ICC/IF, FLOW, Human)	WB, ICC/IF, FLOW	Human
Tupitsyn NN et al. Reactivity of anti-macrophage monoclonal antibody D11 in human leukemia malignant lymphoma. Int J Cancer 68:160-3. 1996-01-01 [PMID: 8900421]
Suqiyama M, Tsukazaki T, Yonekura A et al. Localisation of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis related proteins in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996-07-01 [PMID: 8774162] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Petrovichev NN et al. [Anti-macrophage monoclonal antibody D-11 in the diagnosis of histiocytic tumors] . Arkh Patol 57:25-30. 1995-01-01 [PMID: 8526751]
Rugtveit J, Brandtzaeq P, Halstensen TS et al. Increased macrophage subset in inflammatory bowel disease: apparent recruitment from peripheral blood monocytes. Gut. 1994-05-01 [PMID: 8200563] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Warnke RA et al. Diagnosis of myelomonocytic macrophage neoplasms in routinely processed tissue biopsies with monoclonal antibody KP1. Am J Pathol 135:1089-95. 1989-01-01 [PMID: 2688430]
Pulford KA et al. KP1: a new monoclonal antibody that detects a monocyte/macrophage associated antigen in routinely processed tissue sections. J Clin Pathol 42:414-21. 1989-01-01 [PMID: 2654191]
Horny HP et al. Use of monoclonal antibody KP1 for identifying normal neoplastic human mast cells. J Clin Pathol 43:719-22. 1990-01-01 [PMID: 2212064]
Facchetti F et al. KP1 (CD 68) staining of malignant melanomas. Histopathology 19:141-5. 1991-01-01 [PMID: 1757067]
Saito N, Pulford KA, Breton-Gorius J et al. Ultrastructural localization of the CD68 macrophage-associated antigen in human blood neutrophils and monocytes. Am J Pathol. 1991-11-01 [PMID: 1719819] (Human)		Human
Show All 68 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: KARTHIKEYAN THIRUGNANAM	IHC-P	Mouse	11/22/2019	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested Mouse heart Species Mouse Lot 263360

Array NB100-683

• CD68/SR-D1 Antibodies
• CD68/SR-D1 ELISA Kit
• CD68/SR-D1 Lysate
• CD68/SR-D1 Proteins
• CD68/SR-D1 Proteins and Enzymes