CD3 Antibody (SP7)

CD3 (cluster of differentiation marker 3) is a multi-subunit transmembrane protein that is expressed on the surface of T-cells and forms a complex with the T-cell receptor (TCR) (1-3). CD3 consists of four distinct membrane protein isoforms: CD3-delta (delta), CD3-epsilon (epsilon), CD3-gamma, and CD3-zeta (1-3). The CD3 subunits organize into a complex containing three sets of dimers: CD3-epsilondelta, CD3-epsilongamma, CD3-zetazeta. The CD3 complex binds to the TCR heterodimer (alphabeta or gammadelta) to form the transmembrane TCR-CD3 complex (2-3). Structurally, the CD3 protein chains have an extracellular region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic trail region (2-3). The CD3-epsilondelta and CD3-epsilongamma heterodimers also contain an extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, classifying them as part of the immunoglobulin superfamily (2-3). The cytoplasmic tail of each CD3 chain also contains one (delta, epsilon, gamma) or three (zeta) immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), for a total of 10 ITAMs in the whole CD3 complex (2-3). Following, TCR binding to peptide major histocompatibility complex (p-MHC), the CD3 ITAMs are phosphorylated by the Src kinase Lck and are important for recruiting ZAP70 and initiating TCR signaling cascade activation (2). While similar in structure, the CD3 chains vary in length and molecular weight (4). The CD3-delta is 171 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight of 18.9 kDa (4, 5). The CD3-epsilon is 204 aa long and has a theoretical molecular weight of 23 kDa (4, 5). CD3-gamma is 182 aa long with a theoretical molecular weight of 20.4 kDa (4, 5). Finally, CD3-zeta is 164 aa in length with a theoretical molecular weight of 18.6 kDa (4, 5).

CD3 proteins are expressed on the surface of thymocytes during thymocyte development, proliferation, and maturation to T-cells (4, 6, 7). During T-cell development CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) cells differentiate to CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) cells before progressing to single positive (SP) CD4+ helper T-cells or CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells (4, 6, 7). As CD3 plays an important role in thymocyte development, it is understandable that CD3 defects and mutations in CD3 protein chains cause severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) (8). Additionally, a subset of CD3+ T-cells that co-express CD20 are described in a variety of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, CD20+ T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and HIV (9). Clinical trials and animal models have shown that anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies are a promising treatment modality for inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes (10).

References

1. Chetty, R., & Gatter, K. (1994). CD3: structure, function, and role of immunostaining in clinical practice. The Journal of pathology. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1711730404

2. Mariuzza, R. A., Agnihotri, P., & Orban, J. (2020). The structural basis of T-cell receptor (TCR) activation: An enduring enigma. The Journal of biological chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.REV119.009411

3. Kuhns, M. S., Davis, M. M., & Garcia, K. C. (2006). Deconstructing the form and function of the TCR/CD3 complex. Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.006

4. Clevers, H., Alarcon, B., Wileman, T., & Terhorst, C. (1988). The T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a dynamic protein ensemble. Annual review of immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.003213

5. Uniprot: CD3-delta (P04234), CD3-epsilon (P07766), CD3-gamma (P09693), CD3-zeta (P20963)

6. D'Acquisto, F., & Crompton, T. (2011). CD3+CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells: saviours or villains of the immune response?. Biochemical pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.019

7. Dave V. P. (2009). Hierarchical role of CD3 chains in thymocyte development. Immunological reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00835.x

8. Fischer, A., de Saint Basile, G., & Le Deist, F. (2005). CD3 deficiencies. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.all.0000191886.12645.79

9. Chen, Q., Yuan, S., Sun, H., & Peng, L. (2019). CD3+CD20+ T cells and their roles in human diseases. Human immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2019.01.001

10. Kuhn, C., & Weiner, H. L. (2016). Therapeutic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies: from bench to bedside. Immunotherapy. https://doi.org/10.2217/imt-2016-0049

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Porcine.

We have publications tested in 8 applications: Block/Neutralize, FLOW, ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, Immunohistochemistry, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 45. Show All 45 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB600-1441	Applications	Species
Duncan, GJ;Ingram, SD;Emberley, K;Hill, J;Cordano, C;Abdelhak, A;McCane, M;Jenks, JE;Jabassini, N;Ananth, K;Ferrara, SJ;Stedelin, B;Sivyer, B;Aicher, SA;Scanlan, TS;Watkins, TA;Mishra, A;Nelson, JW;Green, AJ;Emery, B; Remyelination protects neurons from DLK-mediated neurodegeneration. Nature communications 2024-10-23 [PMID: 39443516]
Fukushima H, Furusawa A, Kato T et al. Intratumoral interleukin-15 improves efficacy of near-infrared photoimmunotherapy Molecular cancer therapeutics 2023-07-18 [PMID: 37461129]
Delcroix V, Mauduit O, Lee H et al. The First Transcriptomic Atlas of the Adult Lacrimal Gland Reveals Epithelial Complexity and Identifies Novel Progenitor Cells in Mice Cells 2023-05-21 [PMID: 37408269] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Medina-Rodriguez EM, Han D, Lowell J, Beurel E Stress promotes the infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the brain Brain, behavior, and immunity 2023-05-09 [PMID: 37169132]
Huang SW, Pan CM, Lin YC et al. BiTE-Secreting CAR-??T as a Dual Targeting Strategy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2023-04-20 [PMID: 37078788] (FLOW, Human)	FLOW	Human
Chen X, Firulyova M, Manis M et al. Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy Nature 2023-03-01 [PMID: 36890231]
Thuy T. Tran, Jasmine Caulfield, Lin Zhang, David Schoenfeld, Dijana Djureinovic, Veronica L. Chiang, Victor Oria, Sarah A. Weiss, Kelly Olino, Lucia B. Jilaveanu, Harriet M. Kluger Lenvatinib or anti-VEGF in combination with anti–PD-1 differentially augments antitumor activity in melanoma JCI Insight 2023-04-10 [PMID: 36821392]
Yotis DY DM Differential Effects of KIM-1 in Subcutaneous and Orthotopic Renca Models of Kidney Cancer Thesis 2021-01-01
Monjazeb AM, Daly ME, Luxardi G et al. Atezolizumab plus stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for medically inoperable patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional phase I trial Nat Commun 2023-09-02 [PMID: 37658083] (Block/Neutralize)	Block/Neutralize
Marvin, DL;Dijkstra, J;Zulfiqar, RM;Vermeulen, M;Ten Dijke, P;Ritsma, L; TGF-? Type I Receptor Signaling in Melanoma Liver Metastases Increases Metastatic Outgrowth International journal of molecular sciences 2023-05-12 [PMID: 37240029] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Choi J, Zhang X, Li W et al. Dynamic Intestinal Stem Cell Plasticity and Lineage Remodeling by a Nutritional Environment Relevant to Human Risk for Tumorigenesis Molecular Cancer Research 2023-08-01 [PMID: 37097719] (Immunohistochemistry)	Immunohistochemistry
Piras R, Ko EY, Barrett C et al. circCsnk1g3- and circAnkib1-regulated interferon responses in sarcoma promote tumorigenesis by shaping the immune microenvironment Nature communications 2022-11-25 [PMID: 36433954] (IHC-P, Mouse) Details: Dilution used in IHC-P 1:200	IHC-P	Mouse
Mauduit O, Delcroix V, Umazume T et al. Spatial transcriptomics of the lacrimal gland features macrophage activity and epithelium metabolism as key alterations during chronic inflammation Frontiers in Immunology 2022-10-17 [PMID: 36341342] (Immunohistochemistry)	Immunohistochemistry
T Kaya, N Mattugini, L Liu, H Ji, L Cantuti-Ca, J Wu, M Schifferer, J Groh, R Martini, S Besson-Gir, S Kaji, A Liesz, O Gokce, M Simons CD8+ T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging Nature Neuroscience, 2022-10-24;25(11):1446-1457. 2022-10-24 [PMID: 36280798]
Prince L, MartIn-Faivre L, Villeret B et al. Eosinophils Recruited During Pulmonary Vaccination Regulate Mucosal Antibody Production American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 2022-10-04 [PMID: 36194580]
Nguyen TT, Pham DV, Park J et al. Engineering of hybrid spheroids of mesenchymal stem cells and drug depots for immunomodulating effect in islet xenotransplantation Science advances 2022-08-26 [PMID: 36001671] Details: Dilutions: 1:300
Pilling D, Sahlberg K, Karhadkar T et al. The sialidase NEU3 promotes pulmonary fibrosis in mice Respir Res 2022-08-23 [PMID: 35999554]
Aung TN, Shafi S, Wilmott JS et al. Objective assessment of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in melanoma using machine learning algorithms EBioMedicine 2022-07-07 [PMID: 35810563] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Zhang X, Jiang S, Zhou X et al. Human Cytomegalovirus-IE2 Affects Embryonic Liver Development and Survival in Transgenic Mouse Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 2022-05-13 [PMID: 35569816] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Glennon E, Tongogara T, Primavera V et al. Elucidating Spatially-Resolved Changes in Host Signaling During Plasmodium Liver-Stage Infection Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2022-01-17 [PMID: 35111697] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Lu BY, Gupta R, Aguirre-Ducler A Et al. Spatially resolved analysis of the T cell immune contexture in lung cancer-associated brain metastases Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 2021-10-01 [PMID: 34670827]
Miao T, Wang T, Feng T Et al. Activated invariant natural killer T cells infiltrate aortic tissue as key participants in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathology Immunology 2021-08-11 [PMID: 34379797] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Ji Y, Fan X, Zhang Y et al. Glycine regulates mucosal immunity and the intestinal microbial composition in weaned piglets Amino acids 2021-04-11 [PMID: 33839961] (IF/IHC, Porcine)	IF/IHC	Porcine
Ingelfinger F, Krishnarajah S, Kramer M et al. Single-cell profiling of myasthenia gravis identifies a pathogenic T cell signature Acta neuropathologica 2021-03-28 [PMID: 33774709] (IHC-Fr, Human)	IHC-Fr	Human
Rochelle Fletcher, Jingshan Tong, Denise Risnik, Brian Leibowitz, Yi-Jun Wang, Fernando Concha-Benavente, Jonathan M. DeLiberty, Donna B. Stolz, Reet K. Pai, Robert L. Ferris, Robert E. Schoen, Jian Yu, Lin Zhang Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce immunogenic cell death in suppressing colorectal tumorigenesis Oncogene 2021-02-05 [PMID: 33603166]
Maisonneuve C, Tsang D, Foerster E Et Al. Nod1 Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Regulating the Immunosuppressive Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Cell Rep 2021-01-27 [PMID: 33503439]
Martinez-Morilla S, Zugazagoitia J, Wong PF, et al. Quantitative analysis of CMTM6 expression in tumor microenvironment in metastatic melanoma and association with outcome on immunotherapy Oncoimmunology 2020-12-29 [PMID: 33457084] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Weiss SA, Zito C, Tran T et al. Melanoma brain metastases have lower T-cell content and microvessel density compared to matched extracranial metastases J. Neurooncol. 2020-09-24 [PMID: 32974852] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Radke JR, Covert HJ, Bauer F et al. Adenovirus 14p1 Immunopathogenesis during Lung Infection in the Syrian Hamster Viruses 2020-05-30 [PMID: 32486177] (Immunohistochemistry)	Immunohistochemistry
Fujimoto N, He Y, D'Addio M et al. Single-cell mapping reveals new markers and functions of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymph nodes PLoS Biol. 2020-04-01 [PMID: 32251437] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Lee H, Lee YS, Harenda Q et al. Beta Cell Dedifferentiation Induced by IRE1 alpha Deletion Prevents Type 1 Diabetes Cell Metab. 2020-04-07 [PMID: 32220307]
Scortegagna M, Hockemeyer K, Dolgalev I et al. Siah2 control of T-regulatory cells limits anti-tumor immunity Nat Commun 2020-01-07 [PMID: 31911617] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Manogaran P, Samardzija M, Schad AN et al. Retinal pathology in experimental optic neuritis is characterized by retrograde degeneration and gliosis Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019-07-17 [PMID: 31315675] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Toki MI, Merritt CR, Wong PF, et al. High-plex predictive marker discovery for melanoma immunotherapy treated patients using Digital Spatial Profiling Clin. Cancer Res. 2019-06-12 [PMID: 31189645] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Scheidecker S, Bar S, Stoetzel C et al. Fate-Mapping of GM-CSF Expression Identifies a Discrete Subset of Inflammation-Driving T Helper Cells Regulated by Cytokines IL-23 and IL-1 beta Immunity 2019-05-21 [PMID: 31079916] (FLOW, ICC/IF, Mouse)	FLOW, ICC/IF	Mouse
Du H, Hirabayashi K, Ahn S et al. Antitumor Responses in the Absence of Toxicity in Solid Tumors by Targeting B7-H3 via Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Cancer Cell 2019-02-11 [PMID: 30753824] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Toki MI, Mani N, Smithy JW et al. Immune marker profiling and PD-L1 expression across Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer mutations. J Thorac Oncol. 2018-09-26 [PMID: 30267840] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Gushchina S, Pryce G, Yip PK et al. Increased expression of colony-stimulating factor-1 in mouse spinal cord with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis correlates with microglial activation and neuronal loss Glia 2018-08-25 [PMID: 30144320] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)	IHC-Fr	Mouse
Teillaud JL, Regard L, Martin C et al. Exploring the Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Using a Mouse Model of Bacteria-Infected Lungs Methods Mol. Biol. 2018-08-25 [PMID: 30141016] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Gettinger SN, Choi J, Mani N et al. A dormant TIL phenotype defines non-small cell lung carcinomas sensitive to immune checkpoint blockers Nat Commun 2018-08-10 [PMID: 30097571] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Carvajal-Hausdorf DE, Mani N, Velcheti V et al. Objective measurement and clinical significance of IDO1 protein in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2017-10-17 [PMID: 29037255] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
England CG, Jiang D, Ehlerding EB et al. (89)Zr-labeled nivolumab for imaging of T-cell infiltration in a humanized murine model of lung cancer Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017-08-20 [PMID: 28821924] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Brown J, Wimberly H, Lannin DR et al. Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of CD3, CD8, and CD20 Predicts Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014-09-25 [PMID: 25255793] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Yam A Immune Mechanisms of Microbial Cancer Therapy Thesis 2023-01-01
Hartwig T, Zwicky P, Schreiner B et al. Regulatory T Cells Restrain Pathogenic T Helper Cells during Skin Inflammation Cell Rep 2018-12-26 [PMID: 30590032] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Show All 45 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
	2 reviewed by: Verified Customer	IHC-P	Mouse	03/19/2024	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested Spleen Species Mouse Lot U012 Comments Comments ***Bio-Techne Response: Thank you for reviewing our product. We are sorry to hear that this product did not perform as expected. We have been in touch with the customer to resolve this issue according to our Product Guarantee and to the customer’s satisfaction.*** Target Retrieval Solution was used for heat induced epitope retrieval using a vegetable steamer.
	1 reviewed by: Kevin Thorburn	IHC-P	Dog	04/06/2023	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested FFPE Species Dog Lot U012 Comments Comments ***Bio-Techne Response: Thank you for reviewing our product. We are sorry to hear that this product did not perform as expected. We have been in touch with the customer to resolve this issue according to our Product Guarantee and to the customer’s satisfaction.*** Tested a variety of concentrations from 1 to 25 to 1 to 800 with an incubation time of 1h at room temperature. NB600-1441 did not produce any signal in any of the 4 sections of dog spleen that were used for testing. The sections were known to contain CD3, as clone CD3-12 produces excellent labeling.
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Tyler Crowe	IHC-Fr	Human	08/20/2018	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Frozen Sample Tested Frozen human skin sections Species Human Lot J275 Comments Comments Human skin section fixed with PFA, and permeablized with 0.5% Triton. Sections were blocked with 5% BSA, before anti-CD3 ab was applied at 1:100 for 1hr at 37C. anti-rb-A568 secondary was used, and counterstained with DAPI
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Xuenong Bo	IHC-Fr	Mouse	02/21/2018	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Frozen Sample Tested mouse spinal cord cryo-sections Species Mouse Lot H024 Comments Comments Mouse was perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. Spinal cord was post-fixed overnight, followed by cryoprotection with 30% sucrose for 24h. Spinal cord sections were treated with antigen-retrieval buffer (pH 6.0) at 60C for 10 min, then cooled down to room temperature (this step should not be omitted). Anti-CD3 antibody was diluted at 1:200. Incubation: room temperature overnight.
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Hans Snyder	IHC-P	Canine and Human	08/25/2017	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested Human Tonsil & Canine lymph paraffin slides Species Canine and Human Lot H024 Comments Comments Works great in both Human and canine tissues. Sodium citrate pH 6.0 Concentration 1:100

Array NB600-1441

• CD3 Antibodies
• CD3 ELISA Kits