E-cadherin is a calcium-regulated adhesion molecule expressed in most normal epithelial tissues. E-cadherin is also associated with gland formation, stratification, and epithelial polarization, while loss of E-cadherin can cause dedifferentiation and invasiveness in several human carcinomas (1). In a recent study, human breast cancer tissues were stained immunohistochemistry (IHC) by anti- E-Cadherin antibodies.
The transcription factor beta protein 1 (BP1) is a member of the homeobox gene family and the distal-less subfamily. Expression of BP1 is highly tissue-specific and developmentally restricted. Among different human tissues, BP1 is found to be highly expressed in placenta, kidney and at lower levels in fetal liver (1). Such restricted pattern of expression is compatible with a specific gene function in development and/or differentiation.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in the induction of cell motility and increased survival both under physiological situations like wound healing or development, as well as in malignant cells undergoing invasion and metastasis. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein which is characteristically upregulated in cells undergoing EMT. Recent studies support the notion that vimentin functions as a positive regulator of EMT and upregulation of vimentin appears to be a prerequisite for EMT induction (1).
Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cell death which involves a cascade of biochemical events leading to specific cell morphology characteristics and ultimately death of cells.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as Chemokine C-C motif Ligand 2 (CCL2), is a small cytokine involved in immune response, inflammation and tissue repair. Specifically, MCP1 is responsible for recruiting monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of tissue injury or infection. MCP-1 is produced by a wide range of cell types as a reaction to diverse inflammatory stimuli, and has been implicated in many diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.
BRCA1, also known as breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein and RING finger protein 53, belongs to a class of genes known as tumor suppressors. BRCA1 regulates cell growth and division, and is also involved in DNA repair.
SOX2 encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors, which play a vital role in embryonic development. SOX2 antibody research has identified Sox2 as a key transcription factor in pluripotent stem cells. We at Novus Biologicals offer a number of top quality SOX2 products in our stem cell antibody catalog.
We at Novus Biologicals have added several new products to our CD antibody database. The CD, or Cluster of Differential proteins are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins widely expressed in immune cell populations. These include B cells, thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Widely used as cell markers, a recent antibody study identified three CD proteins - CD44+, CD49fhi, and CD133hi – as new cell markers in an aggressive, but uncommon type of breast cancer.
Novus Biologicals offers an extensive antibody catalog targeting heat shock proteins (HSPs). A large protein group covering a number of families, the HSPs are functionally related by their dramatic upregulation in response to stress. Stress triggers may include a rise in temperature or a similar environmental cause. Transcription is controlled by the heat shock factor, or HSF, protein family.
