TLR7 Antibody - Azide Free

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of endosomes and has a role in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition and host defense (1-3). TLR7 is primarily expressed in the brain, placenta, spleen, stomach, and lungs (4). TLR7 recognizes microbial single stranded RNA (ssRNA), specifically guanosine and its derivatives (1-3). Human TLR7 cDNA encodes a 1049 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 120.9 kDa (4). The TLR7 protein consists of a signal sequence, an 813 aa extracellular domain containing leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) which form a horseshoe-like shape, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 189 aa cytoplasmic domain with cytosolic Toll-interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domains (1,2,4). TLR7 and its fellow subfamily members, TLR8 and TLR9, possess a characteristic Z-loop between two LRRs with proteolytic Z-loop processing required for TLR activation (2). Z-loop cleavage in TLR7 allows for guanosine and uridine-rich ssRNA binding to the 1st and 2nd ligand binding site, respectively (2). The TIR domain associates with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) to initiate downstream signaling (1-3,5,6). Following activation by PAMPs, TLR7 dimerizes and bound MyD88 interacts with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) (1,5). Together the complex recruits IRAK-1 and IRAK-2, which become phosphorylated, and interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (1,5). TRAF6 induces the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and interferon-regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), leading to interferon production and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion associated with immune response (1,5).

While TLRs play an important role in innate immune response, dysfunction in the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade has also been reported in various autoimmune disorders (5,6). Elevated expression of TLR7 is associated with increased risk of system lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease involving B cell hyperactivity (6,7). Studies involving mouse models has also found that increased TLR7 expression predisposes mice to a lupus-like disease (7). Therapeutics targeting TLR7 have been developed to either enhance or inhibit its activity depending on the circumstance. For example, TLR7 agonists such as imiquimod, resiquimod, and 852A are used to increase TLR7 activity for treatment of cancers and to fight viral infections (7,8). On the other hand, TLR7 antagonists inhibit its activation and have been developed to combat chronic immune stimulation as seen in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (8).

References

1. Petes C, Odoardi N, Gee K. The Toll for Trafficking: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Delivery to the Endosome. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1075. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01075

2. Maeda K, Akira S. TLR7 Structure: Cut in Z-Loop. Immunity. 2016;45(4):705-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.003

3. Krieg AM, Vollmer J. Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9: linking innate immunity to autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2007;220:251-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00572.x

4. Uniprot (Q9NYK1)

5. Zheng C, Chen J, Chu F, Zhu J, Jin T. Inflammatory Role of TLR-MyD88 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci. 2020;12:314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00314

6. Chi H, Li C, Zhao FS, et al. Anti-tumor Activity of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:304. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00304

7. Fillatreau S, Manfroi B, Dorner T. Toll-like receptor signalling in B cells during systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;17(2):98-108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-00544-4

8. Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, et al. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem. 2020;193:112238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Human, Mouse.

We have publications tested in 8 applications: Block/Neutralize, FLOW, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, IP, Immunoprecipitation, WB, Western Blot.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 22. Show All 22 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NBP2-24905	Applications	Species
Caccuri F, Messali S, Bortolotti D et al. Competition for dominance within replicating quasispecies during prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised host Virus Evolution 2022-06-14 [PMID: 35706980] (Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Block/Neutralize)	Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Block/Neutralize
Bortolotti D, Gentili V, Rizzo S et al. TLR3 and TLR7 RNA Sensor Activation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Microorganisms 2021-08-26 [PMID: 34576716] (WB, Human) Details: Citation using the Azide Free format of this antibody.	WB	Human
Zeng M, Nouri-Shirazi E, Guinet E, Nouri-Shirazi M. The genetic background influences the cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccines Clin. Exp Immunol. [PMID: 27393001] (FLOW, Mouse) Details: Citation using the Azide Free form of this antibody.	FLOW	Mouse
Abdi J, Mutis T, Garssen J, Redegeld F. Characterization of the Toll-like receptor expression profile in human multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One. 2013-04-08 [PMID: 23593278] Details: Antibodies cited [multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, human intestine tissue lysate, PBMC, mouse splenocytes] for WB (Figs 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5, Table 1) and Flow (Intracellular): Figs 4C, 6-8, Table 1: 1. TLR1 (IMG-5012) 2. TLR2 (IMG-416A)3. TLR3 (IMG-315A)4 TL
Caceres NE, Aerts M, Marquez B et al. Analysis of the membrane proteome of ciprofloxacin-resistant macrophages by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). PLoS One. 2013-01-01 [PMID: 23505477]
Harman AN, Bye CR, Nasr N et al. Identification of lineage relationships and novel markers of blood and skin human dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2013-01-01 [PMID: 23183897] Details: Antibodies cited in Fig 4B for flow cytometric analysis of TLR expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC), CD14+ monocytes, myeloid DC, and plasmacytoid DC:1. TLR2-FITC, clone T2.1 (IMG-416C): Flow (cell surface)2. TLR4-PE, clone HTA124 (
Liu T, Xu ZZ, Park CK et al. Toll-like receptor 7 mediates pruritus. Nat Neurosci. [PMID: 21037581] Details: Citation using the Azide Free form of this antibody.
Krejbich-Trotot P, Denizot M, Hoarau JJ et al. Chikungunya virus mobilizes the apoptotic machinery to invade host cell defenses. FASEB J. 2011-01-01 [PMID: 20881210] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: TLR7 (IMG-581A). IF: Human macrophages infected with different inoculums of chikungunya virus (CHIkV), Fig 7A.	ICC/IF	Human
Xirakia C, Koltsida O, Stavropoulos A et al. Toll-like receptor 7-triggered immune response in the lung mediates acute and long-lasting suppression of experimental asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010-06-01 [PMID: 20224068] (ICC/IF, Mouse) Details: TLR7 (IMG-581A) IF/ICC, Fig E2, mouse lung epithelial cells.	ICC/IF	Mouse
Clancy RM, Alvarez D, Komissarova E et al. Ro60-associated single-stranded RNA links inflammation with fetal cardiac fibrosis via ligation of TLRs: a novel pathway to autoimmune-associated heart block. J Immunol. 2010-02-15 [PMID: 20089705] Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR-7 (IMG-665A): Primary human macrophages derived from PBMCs, Flow (Intracellular): Fig 1A 2. TLR-8 FITC (IMG-321C): Primary human macrophages derived from PBMCs Flow (Intracellular): Fig 1A 3. TLR-7 (IMG-581A): Fetal cardiac fibrob
Wu J, Meng Z, Jiang M et al. Toll-like receptor-induced innate immune responses in non-parenchymal liver cells are cell type-specific. Immunology. [PMID: 19922426] Details: Citation using the PE/Cy5 form of this antibody.
Barajon I, Serrao G, Arnaboldi F et al. Toll-like receptors 3, 4, and 7 are expressed in the enteric nervous system and dorsal root ganglia. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009-11-01 [PMID: 19546475] (Human) Details: TLR7 (IMG-581A). IHC (paraffin): Submucous plexus of murine intestine (Fig 1), murine small bowel (Fig 3), and myenteric plexus from human intestine (Fig 4). IF/ICC: Murine myenteric plexus, Fig 2.		Human
Clark RA, Huang SJ, Murphy GF et al. Human squamous cell carcinomas evade the immune response by down-regulation of vascular E-selectin and recruitment of regulatory T cells. J Exp Med. 2008-09-29 [PMID: 18794336] Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR8 (IMG-321A): IF/ICC (human squamous cell carcinoma tumor cells), Fig. 3A. 2. TLR7 (IMG-581A): IF/ICC (human squamous cell carcimona tumor cells), Fig. 3A.
Kalali BN, Kollisch G, Mages J et al. Double-stranded RNA induces an antiviral defense status in epidermal keratinocytes through TLR3-, PKR-, and MDA5/RIG-I-mediated differential signaling. J Immunol. 2008-08-15 [PMID: 18684960] (IHC-Fr, Human) Details: IHC (frozen cryostat sections): human skin biopsies, Fig 6A, B. Stronger TLR7 staining was seen in human papillomavirus-infected skin compared to healthy skin.	IHC-Fr	Human
Smith EB, Schwartz M, Kawamoto H et al. Antitumor effects of imidazoquinolines in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 2007-06-01 [PMID: 17509356] (WB) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR7 (IMG-581) [WB, Fig.4 (MBT-2, TCCSUP, T24, and J82 cancer cell lines)].	WB
Brinkmann MM, Spooner E, Hoebe K et al. The interaction between the ER membrane protein UNC93B and TLR3, 7, and 9 is crucial for TLR signaling. J Cell Biol. 2007-04-23 [PMID: 17452530] (IP, Mouse) Details: IMG-581A (TLR7): IP (mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells), Fig. 6A,B,C.	IP	Mouse
Palladino M A, Johnson T A, Gupta R et al. Members of the Toll-like receptor family of innate immunity pattern-recognition receptors are abundant in the male rat reproductive tract. Biol Reprod. 2007-06-01 [PMID: 17314314]
Patole PS, Pawar RD, Lech M et al. Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptors in lupus-like immune complex glomerulonephritis of MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006-11-01 [PMID: 16954173] Details: For IHC (frozen) on mouse kidney sections (Fig. 5): TLR3 (IMG-516), TLR7 (IMG-581A), TLR9 (IMG-431) and Rabbit IgG isotype control antibody (20304). For Flow (Intacellular) and Flow (Cell surface) on J774 mouse macrophage-like cell line (Fig 6B): TLR7 (IMG-581A), TLR9 (IMG-431) and Rabbit IG isotype control antibody (20304).
Pawar RD, Patole PS, Zecher D et al. Toll-like receptor-7 modulates immune complex glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006-01-01 [PMID: 16280469] Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR3 (IMG-516) 2. TLR7 (IMG-581) [Flow (intracellular and cell surface), Fig.3: TLR3 (mesengial cells and J774 macrophages), TLR7 (J774 macrophages)]. [IHC-F, Fig.2 (kidneys of MRL1pr/1pr mice)].
Hart OM, Athie-Morales V, O'Connor GM, Gardiner CM. TLR7/8-mediated activation of human NK cells results in accessory cell-dependent IFN-gamma production. J Immunol. 2005-08-01 [PMID: 16034103] (WB) Details: Antibodies cited: 1. TLR7 [(IMG-581A) WB, Fig. 1: TLR7 transfected cells and NKL human leukemia cell line. The specificity of the TLR7 antibody has been validated by WB using overexpressed TLR7 in 293T cells in Fig. 1.]. 2. TLR8 [(IMG-321A) WB, Fig. 1: TL	WB
Srivastava MD, Srivastava BI. Expression of mRNA and proteins for toll-like receptors, associated molecules, defensins and LL-37 by SRIK-NKL, a CD8+ NK/T cell line. Leuk Res. 2005-07-01 [PMID: 15927677] (ICC/IF) Details: IF/ICC in SRIK-NKL cells: TLR2 (IMG416), TLR4 (IMG-417), TLR7 (IMG-581), and TLR9 (IMG-305).	ICC/IF
Francois S et al. Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by TLR agonists in whole blood: involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, leading to increased levels of Mcl-1, A1, and phosphorylated Bad J Immunol [PMID: 15749901] (WB, Human) Details: Used the FITC form of this antibody.	WB	Human
Show All 22 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array NBP2-24905

• TLR7 Antibodies
• TLR7 Antibody Pack
• TLR7 ELISA Kit
• TLR7 Proteins
• TLR7 Proteins and Enzymes