Recombinant Human S100B Protein

S100B is a zinc- and calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 protein family within the EF-hand (helix E-loop-helix F) subgroup (1,2). S100B plays a role in normal central nervous system development, is associated with various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and it serves as a marker for brain injury (1,2). The S100B protein has a homodimeric structure comprised of two 91-amino acid polypeptide monomers each with a theoretical molecular weight of 10.5 kDa (1,2). Furthermore, each monomer contains two EF-hand regions, four helixes, and a hinge region (2). S100B is predominately expressed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells, but also other cell types including adipocytes (1,3). S100B interacts with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), initiating downstream signaling cascades and transcription factors including JNK/JUN, NFkappaB, and p38, leading to caspase and proinflammatory cytokine production (2). Overall outcomes include neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration (1,2). S100B is the most commonly studied astroglia and blood brain barrier biomarker in traumatic brain injury (TBI) (3,4). The serum levels of S100B in patients with TBI is indicative of patient outcomes, where high levels correlate with injury severity and mortality (4). S100B is often in used in combination with additional biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) (3,4).

References

1. Yardan, T., Erenler, A. K., Baydin, A., Aydin, K., & Cokluk, C. (2011). Usefulness of S100B protein in neurological disorders. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 61(3), 276-281.

2. Langeh, U., & Singh, S. (2021). Targeting S100B Protein as a Surrogate Biomarker and its Role in Various Neurological Disorders. Current neuropharmacology, 19(2), 265-277. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200729100427

3. Thelin, E. P., Nelson, D. W., & Bellander, B. M. (2017). A review of the clinical utility of serum S100B protein levels in the assessment of traumatic brain injury. Acta neurochirurgica, 159(2), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-3046-3

4. Wang, K. K., Yang, Z., Zhu, T., Shi, Y., Rubenstein, R., Tyndall, J. A., & Manley, G. T. (2018). An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 18(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2018.1428089

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Peptides and proteins are guaranteed for 3 months from date of receipt.

Array NBP3-07106

• S100B Antibodies
• S100B Antibody Pair
• S100B ELISA Kit
• S100B Lysate
• S100B Proteins
• S100B Proteins and Enzyme
• S100B ELISA