CD68/SR-D1 Antibody (SPM130)

Human CD68, also known as GP110, LAMP4, Scavenger Receptor D1 (SR-D1) or macrosialin in mouse, encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. Members of the LAMP family include LAMP-1, LAMP-2, dendritic cell (DC)-LAMP (aka CD208), and brain and dendritic cell-associated (BAD)-LAMP (aka LAMP-5). Unlike the two LAMP domains facing the lysosomal lumen in LAMP-1 and LAMP-2, CD68 has a single LAMP domain containing four cystines spaced 36-37 residues apart along with an N-terminal Mucin-like domain. The 354 amino acid (a.a.) human CD68 and 326 a.a. murine ortholog share 80.6% a.a. sequence identity (1).

CD68 is highly expressed in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system such as macrophages, microglia, osteoclasts, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs); and is expressed to a lesser extent in lymphoid cells (CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes), human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts, endothelial cells, multiple non-hematopoietic cancer cell lines, and human arterial intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Expression has been also observed in diseased states for granulocytes and neutrophils, in particular basophils from myeloproliferative disorders and intestinal neutrophils from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), respectively (1).

Although the function of CD68 has yet to be established, it has often been used as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker of inflammation and for granular cell tumors (GCTs). CD68+ tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) has been suggested to be a predictive marker for poor cancer prognosis, but a meta-analysis showed the presence of CD68 is not correlated with survival (2). In addition, a role in hepatic malaria infection has been reported based on the finding that peptide P39 binds CD68, considered a receptor for malaria sporozoite, and inhibits parasite entry into Kupffer cells. CD68 was deemed a member of the Scavenger receptor family due to its upregulation in macrophages following inflammatory stimuli, ability to bind modified LDL, phosphatidylserine, and apoptotic cells, as well as shuttling between the plasma membrane and endosomes. CD68 has been linked to atherogenesis based on binding and internalization of its ligand, oxLDL (1).

References

1. Chistiakov, DA, Killingsworth, MC, Myasoedova, VA. Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. (2017) CD68/macrosialin: not just a histochemical marker. Lab Invest. 97:4-13. PMID: 27869795

2. Troiano G, Caponio VCA, Adipietro I, Tepedino M, Santoro R, Laino L, Lo Russo L, Cirillo N, Lo Muzio L. (2019) Prognostic significance of CD68+ and CD163+ tumor associated macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol. 93:66-75. PMID: 31109698.

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Human, Rat.

We have publications tested in 3 applications: IF/IHC, IHC, IHC-P.

Showing Publications 1 - 8 of 8.

Publications using NBP2-32831	Applications	Species
Sun SY, Yan QQ, Qiao LN et al. Electroacupuncture Alleviates Pain Responses and Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats via Suppressing the TLR2/4-MyD88-NF-?B Signaling Pathway Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2023-02-04 [PMID: 36785752] (IHC, Rat)	IHC	Rat
Maldonado LAG, Nascimento CR, Rodrigues Fernandes NA et al. Influence of tumor cell-derived TGF-beta on macrophage phenotype and macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 2022-12-01 [PMID: 36343916] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Wong-Rolle A, Dong Q, Zhu Y Et al. Spatial meta-transcriptomics reveal associations of intratumor bacteria burden with lung cancer cells showing a distinct oncogenic signature J Immunother Cancer 2022-07-06 [PMID: 35793869] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Citation using the Alexa Fluor 647 version of this antibody.	IHC-P	Human
JJ Wu, ZL Sun, SY Liu, ZH Chen, ZD Yuan, ML Zou, YY Teng, YY Li, DY Guo, FL Yuan The ASIC3-M-CSF-M2 macrophage-positive feedback loop modulates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in skin fibrosis pathogenesis Cell Death & Disease, 2022-06-06;13(6):527. 2022-06-06 [PMID: 35661105]
Park J, Foox J, Hether T Et al. System-wide transcriptome damage and tissue identity loss in COVID-19 patients Cell Rep Med 2022-03-02 [PMID: 35233546] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Citation using the Alexa Fluor 647 version of this antibody.	IHC-P	Human
Butler D, Mozsary C, Meydan C et al. Shotgun transcriptome, spatial omics, and isothermal profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals unique host responses, viral diversification, and drug interactions Nat Commun 2021-03-13 [PMID: 33712587] (IF/IHC, Human) Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free format of this antibody.	IF/IHC	Human
Desai, N, Neyaz, A Et al. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of host response to SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection. Nat Commun 2020-12-09 [PMID: 33298930] (Human)		Human
Desai N, Neyaz A, Szabolcs A et al. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity of Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pulmonary Infection medRxiv 2020-08-02 [PMID: 32766600] (IHC-P, Human) Details: Citation using the Azide and BSA Free format of this antibody.	IHC-P	Human

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	1 reviewed by: Good Weather	IHC-P	grouper	10/16/2020	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested After intestinal bowel Species grouper Lot 968-1xp200515 Comments Comments *Low Rating Note: Novus Innovators Program - new species or application used on a primary antibody. Dewaxing to water: 1, paraffin sections in turn sliced into 15 min - dimethylbenzene xylene Ⅰ Ⅱ 15 min - xylene III Ⅰ 5 min - 15 min - anhydrous ethanol anhydrous ethanol Ⅱ 5 min 5 min - 75% - 85% alcohol alcohol 5 min - the distilled water to wash. 2, antigen repair: biopsy under full antigen repair citrate buffer (PH6.0) repair box in a have a certain amount of water pressure cooker, induction cooker heated to stomatal began to jet, stop heating, release the pressure, the slice on the repair box, induction cooker heated to stomatal began to jet, 5 min after close the induction cooker, the process should prevent excessive evaporation buffer, do not dry.After natural cooling, the slides were placed in PBS (PH7.4) and shaken on the decolorizing shaper for 3 times, 5min each. 3. Break endogenous peroxidase: the slides were placed in 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and incubated at room temperature and away from light for 25 min. The slides were placed in PBS (PH7.4) and shaken on a decolorizing shaper for 3 times for 5min each. Serum sealing: 3%BSA was added to cover the tissue evenly in the chemochemical ring, and the tissue was sealed at room temperature for 30min.(Primary antibody is sealed with rabbit serum from goat and BSA from other sources.) 4. Primary antibody was added: the blocking solution was gently removed, the primary antibody prepared with PBS in a certain proportion was added to the sections, and the sections were placed flat in a wet box and incubated overnight at 4°C.(Add a small amount of water in the wet box to prevent evaporation of antibodies) 5. Secondary antibody was added: the slides were placed in PBS (PH7.4) and washed by shaking on the decolorizing shaker for 3 times, 5min each.After the sections were slightly shaken and dried, the tissues were dripped with secondary antibody (HRP-labeled) of the species corresponding to the primary antibody and incubated at room temperature for 50min. 7. DAB color development: The slides were placed in PBS (PH7.4) and shaken on the decoloring shaker for 3 times, 5min each.DAB color developing solution newly prepared was added in the circle after the sections were slightly dried. The color developing time was controlled under the microscope. The positive color was brownish yellow, and the color developing was stopped after the sections were washed under tap water. 8. Restaining nuclei: restaining with hematoxylin for about 3min; washing with tap water; differentiation with hematoxylin differentiation solution for several seconds; washing with tap water; flushing with hematoxylin returning blue solution; washing with running water. , dehydration and 9: the slice in turn into 5 min 5 min 75% alcohol - 85% alcohol, anhydrous ethanol Ⅰ Ⅱ 5 min - the anhydrous ethanol dehydration in 5 min - xylene Ⅰ 5 min is transparent, the slice out of xylene is a bit dry, neutral rubber sealing piece. Microscope examination, image acquisition and analysis.
Enlarge	3 reviewed by: Verified Customer	IHC-Fr	Feline	03/09/2018	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Frozen Sample Tested spleen Species Feline Lot 968-1XP170705

Array NBP2-32831

• CD68/SR-D1 Antibodies
• CD68/SR-D1 ELISA Kit
• CD68/SR-D1 Lysate
• CD68/SR-D1 Proteins
• CD68/SR-D1 Proteins and Enzymes