Recombinant Mouse GDF-9 Protein

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF-9) is an oocyte secreted paracrine factor in the TGF-beta superfamily (1, 2). It is synthesized as a prepropeptide and is subsequently processed by proteases into the mature protein (1, 2). Mature mouse GDF-9 has a predicted molecular weight of 15.6 kDa, and shares 90% and 95% amino acid sequence identity with mature human and rat GDF-9, respectively. It forms both non-covalent homodimers and heterodimers with BMP-15, which is coordinately expressed with GDF-9 in the oocyte. (3-5). GDF-9 signals through TGF-beta RI/ALK-5 and BMPR-II, while the GDF-9:BMP-15 heterodimer is believed to signal through BMPR-II, ALK-4, -5, -7, and BMPR-IB/ALK-6 (5-8). SMAD2 and SMAD3 are phosphorylated following activation of receptor complexes by GDF-9 (5, 6). GDF-9 functions as a paracrine factor in the development of primary follicles in the ovary (9, 10). It is critical for the growth of granulosa and theca cells and for the differentiation and maturation of the oocyte (11, 12). GDF-9 is thought to act synergistically with BMP-15 to control development of the oocyte-cumulus cell complex (5, 12-14). In mice, GDF-9:BMP-15 heterodimers have been shown to be more potent regulators of granulosa cell functions compared to GDF-9 homodimers (6). Studies on GDF-9 null mice have demonstrated arrested follicular development at the primary follicle stage (10). In humans, aberrant GDF-9 expression and activation is associated with a multitude of common human ovarian disorders including premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome (15-17).

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Canine.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: Bioassay, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Western Blot Control.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 14. Show All 14 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using 739-G9	Applications	Species
K Murakami, N Hamazaki, N Hamada, G Nagamatsu, I Okamoto, H Ohta, Y Nosaka, Y Ishikura, TS Kitajima, Y Semba, Y Kunisaki, F Arai, K Akashi, M Saitou, K Kato, K Hayashi Generation of functional oocytes from male mice in vitro Nature, 2023-03-15;615(7954):900-906. 2023-03-15 [PMID: 36922585] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
H Ito, C Emori, M Kobayashi, N Maruyama, W Fujii, K Naito, K Sugiura Cooperative effects of oocytes and estrogen on the forkhead box L2 expression in mural granulosa cells in mice Scientific Reports, 2022-11-23;12(1):20158. 2022-11-23 [PMID: 36424497] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
H Luo, X Li, GG Tian, D Li, C Hou, X Ding, L Hou, Q Lyu, Y Yang, AJ Cooney, W Xie, J Xiong, H Wang, X Zhao, J Wu Offspring production of ovarian organoids derived from spermatogonial stem cells by defined factors with chromatin reorganization Journal of advanced research, 2021-03-17;33(0):81-98. 2021-03-17 [PMID: 34603780] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
T Iizuka, K Wakae, M Ono, T Suzuki, Y Mizumoto, K Kitamura, SI Horike, M Muramatsu, H Fujiwara Activation-induced cytidine deaminase is a possible regulator of cross-talk between oocytes and granulosa cells through GDF-9 and SCF feedback system Scientific Reports, 2021-02-15;11(1):3833. 2021-02-15 [PMID: 33589683] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
N Hamazaki, H Kyogoku, H Araki, F Miura, C Horikawa, N Hamada, S Shimamoto, O Hikabe, K Nakashima, TS Kitajima, T Ito, HG Leitch, K Hayashi Reconstitution of the oocyte transcriptional network with transcription factors Nature, 2020-12-16;0(0):. 2020-12-16 [PMID: 33328630] (Cell Culture, Mouse)	Cell Culture	Mouse
M De Los Rey, J Palomino, A Araujo, J Flores, G Ramirez, VH Parraguez, K Aspee Cyclooxygenase 2 messenger RNA levels in canine follicular cells: interrelationship with GDF-9, BMP-15, and progesterone Domest. Anim. Endocrinol., 2020-08-06;74(0):106529. 2020-08-06 [PMID: 32890884] (Bioassay, Canine)	Bioassay	Canine
K Komatsu, S Masubuchi Mouse oocytes connect with granulosa cells by fusing with cell membranes and form a large complex during follicle development Biol. Reprod., 2018-09-01;0(0):. 2018-09-01 [PMID: 29590310] (Western Blot Control, Mouse)	Western Blot Control	Mouse
S El-Hayek, Q Yang, L Abbassi, G FitzHarris, HJ Clarke Mammalian Oocytes Locally Remodel Follicular Architecture to Provide the Foundation for Germline-Soma Communication Curr. Biol., 2018-03-22;0(0):. 2018-03-22 [PMID: 29576478] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
N Kong, X Xu, Y Zhang, Y Wang, X Hao, Y Zhao, J Qiao, G Xia, M Zhang Natriuretic peptide type C induces sperm attraction for fertilization in mouse Sci Rep, 2017-01-05;7(0):39711. 2017-01-05 [PMID: 28054671] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Oocyte-dependent activation of MTOR in cumulus cells controls the development and survival of cumulus-oocyte complexes J Cell Sci, 2016-06-29;0(0):. 2016-06-29 [PMID: 27358481] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Mottershead D, Sugimura S, Al-Musawi S, Li J, Richani D, White M, Martin G, Trotta A, Ritter L, Shi J, Mueller T, Harrison C, Gilchrist R Cumulin, an Oocyte-secreted Heterodimer of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta Family, Is a Potent Activator of Granulosa Cells and Improves Oocyte Quality. J Biol Chem, 2015-08-08;290(39):24007-20. 2015-08-08 [PMID: 26254468] (Western Blot, Human)	Western Blot	Human
Sudiman J, Sutton-McDowall M, Ritter L, White M, Mottershead D, Thompson J, Gilchrist R Bone morphogenetic protein 15 in the pro-mature complex form enhances bovine oocyte developmental competence. PLoS ONE, 2014-07-24;9(7):e103563. 2014-07-24 [PMID: 25058588] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Mottershead D, Ritter L, Gilchrist R Signalling pathways mediating specific synergistic interactions between GDF9 and BMP15. Mol Hum Reprod, 2011-09-12;18(3):121-8. 2011-09-12 [PMID: 21911477] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Sugiura K, Su YQ, Li Q, Wigglesworth K, Matzuk MM, Eppig JJ Fibroblast growth factors and epidermal growth factor cooperate with oocyte-derived members of the TGFbeta superfamily to regulate Spry2 mRNA levels in mouse cumulus cells. Biol. Reprod., 2009-06-24;81(5):833-41. 2009-06-24 [PMID: 19553596] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Show All 14 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array 739-G9

• GDF-9 Antibodies
• GDF-9 ELISA Kits
• GDF-9 Lysate
• GDF-9 Protein
• GDF-9 Proteins and Enzymes