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Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)

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Product Details

Summary
Reactivity MuSpecies Glossary
Applications Bioactivity

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Catalog# & Formulation Size Price
Carrier Free
458-MF-025/CF
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Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain) Summary

Details of Functionality
Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with mouse CX3CR1. The ED50 for this effect is 10-50 ng/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine protein
Leu22-Lys105
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
Leu22
Protein/Peptide Type
Recombinant Proteins
Gene
Cx3cl1
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Note
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

Dilutions
  • Bioactivity
Theoretical MW
9.5 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
Publications
Read Publications using
458-MF in the following applications:

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Reconstitution Instructions
Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)

  • ABCD-3
  • C3Xkine
  • chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
  • CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine
  • CX3CL1
  • CXC3
  • CXC3C
  • FKN
  • Fractalkine
  • Neurotactin
  • neurotactin)
  • NTNsmall inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member 1 (fractalkine
  • NTTSmall-inducible cytokine D1
  • SCYD1C-X3-C motif chemokine 1
  • small inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member-1

Background

Fractalkine, designated CX3CL1 and also known as neurotactin, is the only member of the CX3C, or delta, chemokine subfamily (1 ‑ 4). Unlike most other chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type I transmembrane (TM) adhesion protein (1). The mouse CX3CL1 cDNA encodes 395 amino acids (aa), including a signal sequence (aa 1 ‑ 24), a chemokine domain (aa 25 ‑ 100), a mucin stalk region (aa 101 ‑ 336), a transmembrane segment (aa 337 ‑ 357), and a cytoplasmic tail (aa 358 ‑ 395). The chemokine domain contains binding and chemotactic determinants, while the mucin stalk appears to function only as a spacer (4, 5). Mouse CX3CL1 shares 85% and 78% aa sequence identity with rat and human CX3CL1, respectively, within the chemokine domain, but lower sequence identity within other domains. CX3CL1 is up‑regulated by pro‑inflammatory stimuli, especially IFN‑ gamma and TNF‑ alpha , on cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelium, neurons, smooth muscle and epithelium lining the intestines and other tubules (1, 8, 9). The 40 kDa, 7‑TM non‑glycosylated G‑protein coupled CX3CL1 receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed by cytotoxic effector cells and cytokine producers, including type I helper and cytotoxic T cells, gamma δ T cells, CD16+ NK cells, monocytes and microglia (1, 2). The 95 ‑ 100 kDa TM CX3CL1 can be inducibly cleaved near the TM segment by ADAM10 or ADAM17 to generate a 60 ‑ 80 kDa soluble form (6, 7). TM CX3CL1 functions as an adhesion molecule, while both forms are chemoattractants for target cells expressing CX3CR1 (1, 2). During extravasation, membrane‑bound CX3CL1 traps leukocytes, then is cleaved to allow diapedesis (6). In coronary artery disease, soluble CX3CL1 and CD8+ T cell CX3CR1 are overexpressed and appear to contribute to pathogenesis (1, 10). In the brain, CX3CL1/CX3CR1 interaction protects against microglial neurotoxicity (11). CX3CL1 also contributes to wound healing by recruiting macrophages, and to bone resorption by recruiting and mediating adhesion of osteoclast precursors (12, 13).

  1. Stievano, L. et al. (2004) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 24:205.
  2. Umehara, H. et al. (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24:34.
  3. Rossi, D.L. et al. (1998) Genomics 47:163.
  4. Mizoue, L.S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:33906.
  5. Harrison, J.K. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:21632.
  6. Hundhausen, C. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:8064.        
  7. Tsou, C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:44622.
  8. Tarozzo, G. et al. (2003) J. Neurosci. Res. 73:81.
  9. Lucas, A.D. et al. (2001) Am. J. Pathol. 158:855.
  10. Damas, J.K. et al. (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25:2567.
  11. Cardona, A.E. et al. (2006) Nat. Neurosci. 9:917.
  12. Koizumi, K. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:7825.
  13. Ishida, Y. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 180:569.

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Recombinant Mouse
CX3CL1/Fractalkine (C ...
458-MF
Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Chemokine Domain)
Species: Mu
Applications: Bioactivity

Publications for CX3CL1/Fractalkine (458-MF)(8)

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Mouse, Rat.

We have publications tested in 2 applications: Bioassay, In Vivo.


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Bioassay
(8)
In Vivo
(1)
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Mouse
(7)
Rat
(1)
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Showing Publications 1 - 8 of 8.
Publications using 458-MF Applications Species
J Banerjee, MD Dorfman, R Fasnacht, JD Douglass, AC Wyse-Jacks, A Barria, JP Thaler CX3CL1 Action on Microglia Protects from Diet-Induced Obesity by Restoring POMC Neuronal Excitability and Melanocortin System Activity Impaired by High-Fat Diet Feeding International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-06-07;23(12):. 2022-06-07 [PMID: 35742824] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
ME Martinez, C Capella Go, D Huey, ME Peeples, D McCarty, S Niewiesk Immunogenicity and inflammatory properties of respiratory syncytial virus attachment G protein in cotton rats PLoS ONE, 2021-02-18;16(2):e0246770. 2021-02-18 [PMID: 33600439] (Bioassay, Rat) Bioassay Rat
T Yang, L Guo, L Chen, J Li, Q Li, Y Pi, J Zhu, L Zhang A novel role of FKN/CX3CR1 in promoting osteogenic transformation of VSMCs and atherosclerotic calcification Cell Calcium, 2020-08-12;91(0):102265. 2020-08-12 [PMID: 32814243] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
SA O'Sullivan, KK Dev The chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) attenuates H2O2-induced demyelination in cerebellar slices J Neuroinflammation, 2017-08-15;14(1):159. 2017-08-15 [PMID: 28810923] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
A Voronova, SA Yuzwa, BS Wang, S Zahr, C Syal, J Wang, DR Kaplan, FD Miller Migrating Interneurons Secrete Fractalkine to Promote Oligodendrocyte Formation in the Developing Mammalian Brain Neuron, 2017-05-03;94(3):500-516.e9. 2017-05-03 [PMID: 28472653] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
Fuller AD, Van Eldik LJ MFG-E8 regulates microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2008-08-01;3(4):246-56. 2008-08-01 [PMID: 18670887] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse
Yang XP, Mattagajasingh S, Su S, Chen G, Cai Z, Fox-Talbot K, Irani K, Becker LC Fractalkine upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells through CX3CR1 and the Jak Stat5 pathway. Circ. Res., 2007-09-20;101(10):1001-8. 2007-09-20 [PMID: 17885215] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse) Bioassay, In Vivo Mouse
Ueno T, Kuse S, Saito F, Nitta T, Kakiuchi T, Hollander GA, Takahama Y The role of CCL21 in recruitment of T-precursor cells to fetal thymi. Blood, 2004-09-09;105(1):31-9. 2004-09-09 [PMID: 15358618] (Bioassay, Mouse) Bioassay Mouse

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Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Catalog&nbsp;# 365-FR) chemoattracts the BaF3 mouse pro‑B cell line transfected with&nbsp;mouse CX3CR1 in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). The amount of cells that migrated through to the lower chemotaxis chamber was measured by Resazurin (Catalog&nbsp;# AR002). Chemotaxis elicited by Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine (100&nbsp;ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog&nbsp;# AF365). The ND50 is typically 0.75-4.5&nbsp;µg/mL.
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1 µg/lane of Recombinant Human TNF-alpha was resolved by SDS-PAGE with silver staining, under reducing (R) conditions, showing a band at 17 kDa.
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Bioinformatics

Gene Symbol Cx3cl1
Uniprot