Recombinant Human TLR4 Protein, CF

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

TLR4 is a 100 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the mammalian Toll‑Like Receptor family of pathogen pattern recognition molecules. The complex of TLR4 with MD‑2 functions as a critical receptor for bacterial endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1-3). Mature human TLR4 consists of a 608 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 187 aa cytoplasmic domain. TLR4 contains 21 leucine rich repeats in its ECD and one cytoplasmic Toll/IL‑1 receptor (TIR) domain (4). The ECD of human TLR4 shares approximately 25% aa sequence identity with other human TLRs and 60%-74% aa sequence identity with bovine, equine, feline, mouse, rat, and porcine TLR4. On monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, MD-2 expression is required for cell surface localization of TLR4 and for optimal LPS-induced TLR4 signaling (5-8). MD-2 also forms soluble disulfide‑linked homo‑oligomers which can interact with TLR4 (6). Through a domain separate from its TLR4-binding domain, MD-2 extracts LPS from circulating CD14-LPS complexes and carries the LPS into a ternary complex with TLR4 (9-11). The interaction of MD-2/LPS with TLR4 induces receptor oligomerization and the triggering of an inflammatory response (2, 12). Increased levels of plasma MD-2 in septic shock patients sensitizes MD-2 non-expressing epithelial cells to LPS and promotes widespread tissue inflammation (13).

We have publications tested in 4 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Bacteria - E. Coli, N/A.

We have publications tested in 9 applications: Bioassay, Cell Culture, ELISA (Standard), ELISA Capture, ELISA Developmet, Far Western Blot, IP, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Western Blot (Detection).

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 15. Show All 15 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using 1478-TR	Applications	Species
Khameneh, HJ;Bolis, M;Ventura, PMO;Cassanmagnago, GA;Fischer, BA;Zenobi, A;Guerra, J;Buzzago, I;Bernasconi, M;Zaman, GJR;Rinaldi, A;Moro, SG;Sallusto, F;Baulier, E;Pasquali, C;Guarda, G; The bacterial lysate OM-85 engages Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 triggering an immunomodulatory gene signature in human myeloid cells Mucosal immunology 2024-03-04 [PMID: 38447907] (Bioassay, N/A)	Bioassay	N/A
J Zhang, Y Sun, C Sun, D Shang The antimicrobial peptide LK2(6)A(L) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to the myeloid differentiation 2 domain and protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice Bioorganic chemistry, 2023-01-18;132(0):106376. 2023-01-18 [PMID: 36706531] (Surface Plasmon Resonance, N/A)	Surface Plasmon Resonance	N/A
C Mayslich, PA Grange, M Castela, AG Marcelin, V Calvez, N Dupin Characterization of a Cutibacterium acnes Camp Factor 1-Related Peptide as a New TLR-2 Modulator in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Inflammation International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-05-03;23(9):. 2022-05-03 [PMID: 35563458] (Bioassay, Western Blot (Detection), Human)	Bioassay, Western Blot (Detection)	Human
HC Kuo, KF Lee, SL Chen, SC Chiu, LY Lee, WP Chen, CC Chen, CH Chu Neuron-Microglia Contacts Govern the PGE2 Tolerance through TLR4-Mediated de Novo Protein Synthesis Biomedicines, 2022-02-10;10(2):. 2022-02-10 [PMID: 35203628] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
X He, BA Howard, Y Liu, AK Neumann, L Li, N Menon, T Roach, SD Kale, DC Samuels, H Li, T Kite, H Kita, TY Hu, M Luo, CN Jones, UJ Okaa, DL Squillace, BS Klein, CB Lawrence LYSMD3: A mammalian pattern recognition receptor for chitin Cell Reports, 2021-07-20;36(3):109392. 2021-07-20 [PMID: 34289364] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
S Sun, Z Yan, X Shui, W Qi, Y Chen, X Xu, Y Hu, W Guo, P Shang Astilbin prevents osteoarthritis development through the TLR4/MD-2 pathway J Cell Mol Med, 2020-10-16;0(0):. 2020-10-16 [PMID: 33063931] (ELISA Capture, Human)	ELISA Capture	Human
A Iannucci, V Caneparo, S Raviola, I Debernardi, D Colangelo, R Miggiano, G Griffante, S Landolfo, M Gariglio, M De Andrea Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation triggered by extracellular IFI16 is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide binding PLoS Pathog., 2020-09-09;16(9):e1008811. 2020-09-09 [PMID: 32903274] (Surface Plasmon Resonance, Human)	Surface Plasmon Resonance	Human
P Shang, Q Tang, Z Hu, S Huang, Y Hu, J Zhu, H Liu Procyanidin B3 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via interaction with the TLR4/MD-2 complex J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2020-02-18;0(0):. 2020-02-18 [PMID: 32068951] (ELISA (Standard))	ELISA (Standard)
T Ito, S Yamamoto, K Yamaguchi, M Sato, Y Kaneko, S Goto, Y Goto, I Narita Inorganic polyphosphate potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory response J. Biol. Chem., 2020-02-10;0(0):. 2020-02-10 [PMID: 32041779] (Bioassay, N/A)	Bioassay	N/A
M Zheng, A Ambesi, P J McKeown- Role of TLR4 Receptor Complex in the Regulation of the Innate Immune Response by Fibronectin Cells, 2020-01-15;9(1):. 2020-01-15 [PMID: 31952223] (Cell Culture, Human)	Cell Culture	Human
CC Tao, KM Cheng, YL Ma, WL Hsu, YC Chen, JL Fuh, WJ Lee, CC Chao, EHY Lee Galectin-3 promotes A&beta oligomerization and A&beta toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease Cell Death Differ., 2019-05-24;27(1):192-209. 2019-05-24 [PMID: 31127200] (IP, Human)	IP	Human
Z Liu, J Chen, W Li, Y Bi, Y Li, M Fan Identification of FimH derivatives as adjuvant vaccinated with PAc that enhance protection against Streptcoccus mutans colonization Mol. Cell. Probes, 2019-03-30;0(0):. 2019-03-30 [PMID: 30940544] (Far Western Blot, Bacteria - E. Coli)	Far Western Blot	Bacteria - E. Coli
B Knoops, S Becker, MA Poncin, J Glibert, S Derclaye, A Clippe, D Alsteens Specific Interactions Measured by AFM on Living Cells between Peroxiredoxin-5 and TLR4: Relevance for Mechanisms of Innate Immunity Cell Chem Biol, 2018-03-15;0(0):. 2018-03-15 [PMID: 29551349]
Importance of the C-terminal histidine residues of Helicobacter pylori GroES for Toll-like receptor 4 binding and interleukin-8 cytokine production Sci Rep, 2016-11-21;6(0):37367. 2016-11-21 [PMID: 27869178] (Surface Plasmon Resonance)	Surface Plasmon Resonance
Loyau J, Malinge P, Daubeuf B, Shang L, Elson G, Kosco-Vilbois M, Fischer N, Rousseau F Maximizing the potency of an anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody by exploiting proximity to Fcgamma receptors. MAbs, 2014-01-01;6(6):1621-30. 2014-01-01 [PMID: 25484053] (ELISA Developmet, Human)	ELISA Developmet	Human
Show All 15 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array 1478-TR

• TLR4 Antibodies
• TLR4 ELISA Kits
• TLR4 Inhibitors
• TLR4 Lysate
• TLR4 Proteins
• TLR4 Proteins and Enzymes