Name: Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: 957-GD
Price: 408 USD

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At	=	A. thaliana	SyHa	=	Golden Syrian Hamster
All	=	All Species	Ha	=	Hamster
An	=	Animal	Hu	=	Human
ArHa	=	Armenian Hamster	I	=	Insect
Av	=	Avian	Ll	=	Llama
Bb	=	Baboon	Ma	=	Mammal
Ba	=	Bacteria	Mk	=	Monkey
Bv	=	Bovine	Mu	=	Mouse
Ca	=	Canine	Multi	=	Multi-species
Ce	=	C. Elegans	NA	=	Non-species specific
Ch	=	Chicken	Or	=	Orangutan
ChHa	=	Chinese Hamster	Pl	=	Plant
Cm	=	Cynomolgus Monkey	Pm	=	Primate
Do	=	Donkey	Po	=	Porcine
Dr	=	Drosophilia	Rb	=	Rabbit
Ec	=	E. Coli	Rt	=	Rat
Eq	=	Equine	RM	=	Rhesus Macaque
Fe	=	Feline	Sh	=	Sheep
Ft	=	Ferret	Vb	=	Vertebrate
Fi	=	Fish	Vi	=	Virus
Fu	=	Fungi	Xp	=	Xenopus
Ge	=	Gerbil	Ye	=	Yeast
GP	=	Guinea Pig	Ze	=	Zebrafish
Gt	=	Goat

Details of Functionality	Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 957-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha -like Fc Chimera (Catalog # 9697-GR) with an ED₅₀ of 0.0600-0.600 ng/mL.
Source	Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human GDF-15 protein Ala197-Ile308, with an N-terminal 6-His tag
Accession #	Q99988
N-terminal Sequence	His & Asn199
Structure / Form	Disulfide-linked homodimer
Protein/Peptide Type	Recombinant Proteins
Gene	GDF15
Purity	>97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Note	<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Storage	Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
Purity	>97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Reconstitution Instructions	Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCI containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Publications using 957-GD	Applications	Species
Wei, W;Lyu, X;Markhard, AL;Fu, S;Mardjuki, RE;Cavanagh, PE;Zeng, X;Rajniak, J;Lu, N;Xiao, S;Zhao, M;Moya-Garzon, MD;Truong, SD;Chou, JC;Wat, LW;Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty, S;Coassolo, L;Xu, D;Shen, F;Huang, W;Ramirez, CB;Jang, C;Svensson, KJ;Fischbach, MA;Long, JZ; A PTER-dependent pathway of taurine metabolism linked to energy balance bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-03-22 [PMID: 38562797] (In vivo assay, Mouse)	In vivo assay	Mouse
Xiao, S;Li, VL;Lyu, X;Chen, X;Wei, W;Abbasi, F;Knowles, JW;Deng, S;Tiwari, G;Shi, X;Zheng, S;Farrell, L;Chen, ZZ;Taylor, KD;Guo, X;Goodarzi, MO;Wood, AC;Chen, YI;Lange, LA;Rich, SS;Rotter, JI;Clish, CB;Tahir, UA;Gerszten, RE;Benson, MD;Long, JZ; Lac-Phe mediates the anti-obesity effect of metformin bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2023-11-04 [PMID: 37961394] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
Alexopoulou, F;Buch-Månson, N;Pedersen, SL;Vrang, N;Fink, LN;Strømgaard, K; Identification of GDF15 peptide fragments inhibiting GFRAL receptor signaling Peptides 2023-07-24 [PMID: 37495041] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Newman, S;Wilson, B;Mamerow, D;Wollant, B;Nyein, H;Rosenberg-Hasson, Y;Maecker, H;Eisenstein, M;Soh, H; Extending the dynamic range of biomarker quantification through molecular equalization bioRxiv 2023-01-01 [PMID: 37443317] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
C Zhang, LK Vincelette, F Reimann, SD Liberles A brainstem circuit for nausea suppression Cell Reports, 2022-06-14;39(11):110953. 2022-06-14 [PMID: 35705049] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
A Melvin, E Lacerda, HM Dockrell, S O'Rahilly, L Nacul Circulating levels of GDF15 in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome J Transl Med, 2019-12-04;17(1):409. 2019-12-04 [PMID: 31801546] (ELISA Standard, Human)	ELISA Standard	Human
M Maeno, T Mizutani, H Tsuyoshi, S Yamada, S Ishikane, S Kawabe, K Nishimura, M Yamada, K Miyamoto, Y Yoshida Development of a novel and rapid measurement system for growth differentiation factor-15, progranulin, and osteopontin in uterine sarcoma Endocr. J., 2019-09-18;0(0):. 2019-09-18 [PMID: 31534059] (Standard, Human)	Standard	Human
V Gkretsi, M Louca, A Stylianou, G Minadakis, GM Spyrou, T Stylianopo Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Ras Suppressor-1 (RSU-1) Silencing Is Reversed by Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Int J Mol Sci, 2019-01-04;20(1):. 2019-01-04 [PMID: 30621163] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
SB Jung, MJ Choi, D Ryu, HS Yi, SE Lee, JY Chang, HK Chung, YK Kim, SG Kang, JH Lee, KS Kim, HJ Kim, CS Kim, CH Lee, RW Williams, H Kim, HK Lee, J Auwerx, M Shong Reduced oxidative capacity in macrophages results in systemic insulin resistance Nat Commun, 2018-04-19;9(1):1551. 2018-04-19 [PMID: 29674655] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
OE Olsen, A Skjærvik, BF Størdal, A Sundan, T Holien TGF-? contamination of purified recombinant GDF15 PLoS ONE, 2017-11-21;12(11):e0187349. 2017-11-21 [PMID: 29161287] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
A Sasahara, K Tominaga, T Nishimura, M Yano, E Kiyokawa, M Noguchi, M Noguchi, H Kanauchi, T Ogawa, H Minato, K Tada, Y Seto, A Tojo, N Gotoh An autocrine/paracrine circuit of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 15 has a role for maintenance of breast cancer stem-like cells Oncotarget, 2017-04-11;8(15):24869-24881. 2017-04-11 [PMID: 28206960] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Growth Differentiation Factor-15-Induced Contractile Activity and Extracellular Matrix Production in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci, 2016-12-01;57(15):6482-6495. 2016-12-01 [PMID: 27918822] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
YL Li, JT Chang, LY Lee, KH Fan, YC Lu, YC Li, CH Chiang, GR You, HY Chen, AJ Cheng GDF15 contributes to radioresistance and cancer stemness of head and neck cancer by regulating cellular reactive oxygen species via a SMAD-associated signaling pathway Oncotarget, 2017-01-03;8(1):1508-1528. 2017-01-03 [PMID: 27903972] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Walter Maetzler, Willy Deleersni, Valérie Hanssens, Alice Bernard, Kathrin Brockmann, Justus Marquetan, Isabel Wurster, Tim W Rattay, Lorenzo Roncoroni, Eva Schaeffer, Stefanie Lerche, Anja Apel, Christian Deuschle, Daniela Berg GDF15/MIC1 and MMP9 Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. PLoS ONE, 2016-03-03;0(0):1932-6203. 2016-03-03 [PMID: 26938614] (Human)		Human
Li , Ji, Veltri , Robert W, Yuan , Zhen, Christudass , Christhu, Mandecki , Wlodek Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 biomarker serum immunoassay in combination with PSA is a more specific diagnostic tool for detection of prostate cancer. PLoS ONE, 2015-04-08;10(4):e0122249. 2015-04-08 [PMID: 25853582] (ELISA (Standard), Human)	ELISA (Standard)	Human
Zhou Z, Li W, Song Y, Wang L, Zhang K, Yang J, Zhang W, Su H, Zhang Y Growth differentiation factor-15 suppresses maturation and function of dendritic cells and inhibits tumor-specific immune response. PLoS ONE, 2013-11-13;8(11):e78618. 2013-11-13 [PMID: 24236027] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Mimeault , M, Johansson , S L, Batra , S K Marked improvement of cytotoxic effects induced by docetaxel on highly metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells by downregulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Br J Cancer, 2013-02-28;108(5):1079-91. 2013-02-28 [PMID: 23449353] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Rossaint J, Vestweber D, Zarbock A GDF-15 prevents platelet integrin activation and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost, 2013-02-01;11(2):335-44. 2013-02-01 [PMID: 23231375] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Castonguay R, Werner ED, Matthews RG, Presman E, Mulivor AW, Solban N, Sako D, Pearsall RS, Underwood KW, Seehra J, Kumar R, Grinberg AV Soluble Endoglin Specifically Binds Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 9 and 10 via Its Orphan Domain, Inhibits Blood Vessel Formation, and Suppresses Tumor Growth. J. Biol. Chem., 2011-07-07;286(34):30034-46. 2011-07-07 [PMID: 21737454] (Surface Plasmon Resonance, Human, Mouse)	Surface Plasmon Resonance	Human, Mouse
Si Y, Liu X, Cheng M, Wang M, Gong Q, Yang Y, Wang T, Yang W Growth differentiation factor 15 is induced by hepatitis C virus infection and regulates hepatocellular carcinoma-related genes. PLoS ONE, 2011-05-23;6(5):e19967. 2011-05-23 [PMID: 21625435] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Cheng JC, Chang HM, Leung PC Wild-type p53 attenuates cancer cell motility by inducing growth differentiation factor-15 expression. Endocrinology, 2011-05-17;152(8):2987-95. 2011-05-17 [PMID: 21586550] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Schledzewski K, Geraud C, Arnold B, Wang S, Grone HJ, Kempf T, Wollert KC, Straub BK, Schirmacher P, Demory A, Schonhaber H, Gratchev A, Dietz L, Thierse HJ, Kzhyshkowska J, Goerdt S Deficiency of liver sinusoidal scavenger receptors stabilin-1 and -2 in mice causes glomerulofibrotic nephropathy via impaired hepatic clearance of noxious blood factors. J. Clin. Invest., 2011-02-01;121(2):703-14. 2011-02-01 [PMID: 21293057] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)	Bioassay, In Vivo	Mouse
Huh SJ, Chung CY, Sharma A Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 regulates melanoma vascular development. Am. J. Pathol., 2010-04-29;176(6):2948-57. 2010-04-29 [PMID: 20431030] (In Vivo, Chicken, Mouse)	In Vivo	Chicken, Mouse
Strelau J, Strzelczyk A, Rusu P, Bendner G, Wiese S, Diella F, Altick AL, von Bartheld CS, Klein R, Sendtner M, Unsicker K Progressive postnatal motoneuron loss in mice lacking GDF-15. J. Neurosci., 2009-10-28;29(43):13640-8. 2009-10-28 [PMID: 19864576] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)	Bioassay, In Vivo	Mouse
Foley PW, Stegemann B, Ng K, Ramachandran S, Proudler A, Frenneaux MP, Ng LL, Leyva F Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts mortality and morbidity after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur. Heart J., 2009-08-07;30(22):2749-57. 2009-08-07 [PMID: 19666898] (ELISA (Standard))	ELISA (Standard)
Khan SQ, Ng K, Dhillon O, Kelly D, Quinn P, Squire IB, Davies JE, Ng LL Growth differentiation factor-15 as a prognostic marker in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J., 2009-01-23;30(9):1057-65. 2009-01-23 [PMID: 19168526] (ELISA (Standard))	ELISA (Standard)
Ding Q, Mracek T, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Kos K, Wilding J, Trayhurn P, Bing C Identification of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in adipose tissue and its secretion as an adipokine by human adipocytes. Endocrinology, 2008-12-12;150(4):1688-96. 2008-12-12 [PMID: 19074584] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Tanno T, Bhanu NV, Oneal PA, Goh SH, Staker P, Lee YT, Moroney JW, Reed CH, Luban NL, Wang RH, Eling TE, Childs R, Ganz T, Leitman SF, Fucharoen S, Miller JL High levels of GDF15 in thalassemia suppress expression of the iron regulatory protein hepcidin. Nat. Med., 2007-08-26;13(9):1096-101. 2007-08-26 [PMID: 17721544] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Wollert KC, Kempf T, Peter T, Olofsson S, James S, Johnston N, Lindahl B, Horn-Wichmann R, Brabant G, Simoons ML, Armstrong PW, Califf RM, Drexler H, Wallentin L Prognostic value of growth-differentiation factor-15 in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Circulation, 2007-02-05;115(8):962-71. 2007-02-05 [PMID: 17283261] (ELISA (Standard))	ELISA (Standard)
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Gene Symbol	GDF15
Uniprot	Q99988()

Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein

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