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PINK1 Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 700]

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Product Details

Summary
Reactivity Hu, MuSpecies Glossary
Applications Simple Western, ICC/IF, IHC
Clonality
Polyclonal
Host
Rabbit
Conjugate
Alexa Fluor 700

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PINK1 Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 700] Summary

Immunogen
PINK1 antibody was developed using a synthetic protein made to an internal region of the human PINK1 protein (within residues 350-500). [Swiss-Prot Q9BXM7]
Localization
Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm - cytosol
Specificity
Reactivity expected for both isotype 1 and 2.
Isotype
IgG
Clonality
Polyclonal
Host
Rabbit
Gene
PINK1
Purity
Immunogen affinity purified
Innovator's Reward
Test in a species/application not listed above to receive a full credit towards a future purchase.

Applications/Dilutions

Dilutions
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
  • Simple Western
Application Notes
Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

Storage
Store at 4C in the dark.
Buffer
50mM Sodium Borate
Preservative
0.05% Sodium Azide
Purity
Immunogen affinity purified

Notes

Alexa Fluor (R) products are provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components, or any materials made using the product or its components, in any activity to generate revenue, which may include, but is not limited to use of the product or its components: (i) in manufacturing; (ii) to provide a service, information, or data in return for payment; (iii) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (iv) for resale, regardless of whether they are resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@lifetech.com. This conjugate is made on demand. Actual recovery may vary from the stated volume of this product. The volume will be greater than or equal to the unit size stated on the datasheet.

Alternate Names for PINK1 Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 700]

  • BRPK
  • EC 2.7.11.1
  • FLJ27236
  • PARK6
  • Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive) 6
  • PINK1
  • protein kinase BRPK
  • PTEN Induced Kinase 1
  • PTEN induced putative kinase 1
  • PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1
  • serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial

Background

Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor which acts as an antagonist to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. PTEN exerts enzymatic activity as a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) phosphatase, opposing PI3K activity by reducing availability of PIP3 to proliferating cells. Loss of PTEN function leads to elevated PIP3 and increased activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in many types of cancer.

PINK1 (PTEN induced putative kinase 1) protein contains a N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, putative transmembrane helix, linker region, serine (Ser65)/threonine (Thr257) kinase domain and C-terminal segment. PINK1 is translated in the cytosol, then translocated to the outer mitochondrial membrane where it is rapidly cleaved and degraded as a part of normal mitochondrial function. In damaged (depolarized) mitochondria, PINK1 becomes stabilized and accumulates, resulting in the subsequent phosphorylation of numerous proteins on the mitochondrial surface.

When PINK1 is imported into the cell, mitochondrial processing peptidase, presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protease and AFG3L2 cleave PINK1 and tag it for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, keeping low PINK1 protein expression at basal conditions (1,2). Accumulation of PINK1 in mitochondria indicate damage. PINK1 maintains mitochondrial function/integrity, provides protection against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, and is involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) (3). PINK1 has a theoretical molecular weight of 63 kDa and undergoes proteolytic processing to generate at least two cleaved forms (55 kDa and 42 kDa).

Ultimately PARK2 (E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin) is recruited to the damaged mitochondria where it is activated by 1) PINK-mediated phosphorylation of PARK2 at serine 65, and 2) PARK2 interaction with phosphorylated ubiquitin (also phosphorylated by PINK1 on serine 65) (4,5). There is a strong interplay between Parkin and PINK1, where loss-of-function of human PINK1 results in mitochondrial pathology and can be rescued by Parkin (2,4,5). Mutations in either Parkin or PINK1 alter mitochondrial turnover, resulting in the accumulation of defective mitochondria and, ultimately, neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Mutations in the PINK1 gene located within the PARK6 locus on chromosome 1p35-p36 have been identified in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (6).

References

1.Rasool, S., Soya, N., Truong, L., Croteau, N., Lukacs, G. L., & Trempe, J. F. (2018). PINK1 autophosphorylation is required for ubiquitin recognition. EMBO Rep, 19(4). doi:10.15252/embr.201744981

2.Shiba-Fukushima, K., Arano, T., Matsumoto, G., Inoshita, T., Yoshida, S., Ishihama, Y., . . . Imai, Y. (2014). Phosphorylation of mitochondrial polyubiquitin by PINK1 promotes Parkin mitochondrial tethering. PLoS Genet, 10(12), e1004861. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004861

3.Vives-Bauza, C., Zhou, C., Huang, Y., Cui, M., de Vries, R. L., Kim, J., . . . Przedborski, S. (2010). PINK1-dependent recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in mitophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107(1), 378-383. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911187107

4.McWilliams, T. G., Barini, E., Pohjolan-Pirhonen, R., Brooks, S. P., Singh, F., Burel, S., . . . Muqit, M. M. K. (2018). Phosphorylation of Parkin at serine 65 is essential for its activation in vivo. Open Biol, 8(11). doi:10.1098/rsob.180108

5.Exner, N., Treske, B., Paquet, D., Holmstrom, K., Schiesling, C., Gispert, S., . . . Haass, C. (2007). Loss-of-function of human PINK1 results in mitochondrial pathology and can be rescued by parkin. J Neurosci, 27(45), 12413-12418. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0719-07.2007

6.Valente, E. M., Bentivoglio, A. R., Dixon, P. H., Ferraris, A., Ialongo, T., Frontali, M., . . . Wood, N. W. (2001). Localization of a novel locus for autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism, PARK6, on human chromosome 1p35-p36. Am J Hum Genet, 68(4), 895-900. doi:10.1086/319522

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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Product General Protocols

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Video Protocols

ICC/IF Video Protocol

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    Research Areas for PINK1 Antibody (NBP1-49678AF700)

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    Blogs on PINK1. Showing 1-10 of 14 blog posts - Show all blog posts.

    Understanding Mitophagy Mechanisms: Canonical PINK1/Parkin, LC3-Dependent Piecemeal, and LC3-Independent Mitochondrial Derived Vesicles
    By Christina Towers, PhD What is Mitophagy?The selective degradation of mitochondria via double membrane autophagosome vesicles is called mitophagy. Damaged mitochondria can generate harmful amounts of reactive ox...  Read full blog post.

    New Players in the Mitophagy Game
    By Christina Towers, PhD Mitochondrial turn over via the lysosome, otherwise known as mitophagy, involves engulfment of mitochondria into double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with lysosomes. Much is al...  Read full blog post.

    Losing memory: Toxicity from mutant APP and amyloid beta explain the hippocampal neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease
     By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D.  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. The telltale signs of AD brains are extracellular deposits of amy...  Read full blog post.

    There's an autophagy for that!
    By Christina Towers, PhDA critical mechanism that cells use to generate nutrients and fuel metabolism is through a process called autophagy.  This process is complex and involves over 20 different proteins, most of which are highly conserved acro...  Read full blog post.

    The role of Parkin and autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) degradation
    The root of Parkinson’s disease (PD) points to a poorly regulated electron transport chain leading to mitochondrial damage, where many proteins need to work cohesively to ensure proper function.  The two key players of this pathway are PINK1, ...  Read full blog post.

    The identification of dopaminergic neurons using Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Parkinson's research and LRRK2
    Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a crucial enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in the brain.  Specifically, TH catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa).  The importance of t...  Read full blog post.

    Parkin - Role in Mitochondrial Quality Control and Parkinson's Disease
    Parkin/PARK2 is a cytosolic enzyme which gets recruited to cellular mitochondria damaged through depolarization, ROS or unfolded proteins accumulation, and exert protective effects by inducing mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy). Parkin induces mit...  Read full blog post.

    PINK1 - performing mitochondrial quality control and protecting against Parkinson’s disease
    PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine kinase with important functions in mitochondrial quality control. Together with the Parkin protein, PINK1 is able to regulate the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria through aut...  Read full blog post.

    PINK1: All work and no fun
    The protein PINK1 is a mitochondrial-located serine/threonine kinase (PTK) that maintains organelle function and integrity. It not only protects organelles from cellular stress, but it also uses the selective auto-phagocytosis process for cleaning and...  Read full blog post.

    PINK1 and its role in Parkinson's disease
    PINK1 (PTEN induced putative kinase 1) is a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase which maintains mitochondrial function/integrity, provides protection against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, potentially by phosphorylating mitochondr...  Read full blog post.

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    Bioinformatics

    Gene Symbol PINK1