| Product By Gene ID | 8678 |
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| Three things everyone studying autophagy should know Novus Biologicals' antibodies are the gold standard to monitor autophagy and detect LC3 expression. The recently published Guidelines for the Use and Interpretation of Assays for Monitoring Autophagy (3rd Edition) comprehensively details methods ... Read more. |
| Why LC3B Antibodies Make Ideal Autophagosomes Membrane Markers The human form of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is expressed as 3 splice variants LC3A, LC3B, and LC3C.1 LC3B is a subunit of the MAP1A and MAP1B microtubule-binding proteins and plays a central role in autophagosome membrane stru... Read more. |
| What are the major differences between Apoptosis, Necroptosis & Autophagy? Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death which is mediated by cysteine proteases called caspases. It is an essential phenomenon in the maintenance of homeostasis and growth of tissues, and it also plays a critical role in immune response. The ... Read more. |
| The Role of LC3 within the Autophagic Pathway We at Novus Biologicals have a broad antibody database covering the area of autophagy - over 1400 reagents in total. Autophagy is the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components - literally, self-digestion of the cell. Double-membrane vesicles, called ... Read more. |
| Analyzing LC3 in Western blot Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is considered one of the definitive markers of autophagy, and its use is widespread in labs throughout the world. Despite its popularity, there are several considerations when employing LC3 antibodies... Read more. |
| LC3B Empowers Protein Quality Control by Autophagy LC3B, also known as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (MAP1LC3B), is an autophagy gene that contributes appreciably to protein degradation. Autophagy is a highly synchronized and dynamic catabolic degradation activity that ... Read more. |
| ATG5: From Autophagy to Alzheimer's Disease Autophagy is a conserved mechanism whereby cells form double membrane autophagosomes to sequester cytoplasmic components for subsequent destruction by fusion with lysosomes (eukaryotes) or vacuoles (yeast). Targets of autophagy include aging proteins,... Read more. |
| LC3B: From Autophagy to Cancer LC3B is subunit component of the LC3 autophagy biomarker associated with microtubule-associated proteins MAP1A and MAP1B and one of the best characterized markers to date. In resting state, it is cytosolic, but upon activation, is lapidated and become... Read more. |
| LC3: Roles in Autophagy, Apoptosis, Neurological Diseases and Cancer LC3 is distributed ubiquitously in eukaryotes and is a heavily studied autophagy biomarker that was originally identified as a subunit of MAP1A and MAP1B. Because autophagy is a crucial process for maintaining normal neural networks and function, unde... Read more. |
| PINK1: Promoting Organelle Stability and Preventing Parkinson's disease PINK1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase (PTK) that protects the organelles from cellular stress and controls selective autophagy to clear damage. Exner, et. al. were among the first to report that PINK1 deficiency in humans was linked to autosomal ... Read more. |
| Wide Ranging Uses for the Autophagy Marker - Beclin-1 Antibody Beclin 1 is the first mammalian gene identified as a mediator of autophagy, and plays important roles in development, tumorigenesis, and neurodegeneration. Research with the beclin-1 antibody has revealed that, Beclin 1 is found in complex with the th... Read more. |
| ATG5, Autophagy and Apoptosis ATG5 is a member of the ATG family that regulates autophagy, the evolutionary conserved homeostatic response to a diverse variety of self- and foreign-originating cellular stresses. ATG5 is ubiquitously expressed in cells and found co-localized with c... Read more. |
| ATG5: Roles in Cellular Defense ATG5, or Autophagy Related 5, is a protein crucial for autophagy. Autophagy is a mechanism in which dysfunctional or pathogenic cells or cellular components are degraded and sometimes recycled. This process happens when ATG5 conjugates with another pr... Read more. |
| Novel Insights into Hypoxia Induced AKT Signaling Hypoxia is a common feature of most tumors and is a product of rapid cell growth and poor vascularization1. When oxygen availability is low in the tumor environment, the hypoxia inducing transcription factors (HIFs) regulate a variety of signaling ... Read more. |
| Autophagy: Pro or Anti-tumorigenic? And the role of epigenetics in this debate By Christina Towers, PhDAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that cells use to break down damaged cytoplasmic constituents in order to fuel cellular metabolism, particularly in instances of stress. This process has been heavily ... Read more. |
| There's an autophagy for that! By Christina Towers, PhDA critical mechanism that cells use to generate nutrients and fuel metabolism is through a process called autophagy. This process is complex and involves over 20 different proteins, most of which are highly conserved acro... Read more. |
| From Then ‘till Now: The History of Autophagy and Cancer Research By Christina Towers, PhD. The fundamental process that cells use to degrade damaged cytoplasmic material and recycle nutrients is called autophagy. This term was first coined by the Belgium biochemist Christian de... Read more. |
| The Many Connections Between Autophagy and Kidney Disease By Yoskaly Lazo-Fernandez, PhD The first description of what is called today an autophagosome was given in a paper published in 1957. Its author employed electron microscopy to observe the neonatal features of mous... Read more. |
| Chaperone Mediated Autophagy (CMA) does it all! By Christina Towers, PhD. The degradation of cellular proteins is a critical step of both regulation and quality control and results in the turn over and recycling of critical amino acids. The two main mechanisms o... Read more. |
| Brain size matters: MTOR regulates autophagy and number of cortical interneurons By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Interneurons transmit impulses between other neurons, in part, to facilitate the birth of neurons. Cortical interneurons themselves arise from the progenitors in the ventral telencephalo... Read more. |
| CaMKII stimulates autophagic degradation of 'ID', a new frontier against cancer By Yoskaly Lazo-Fernandez, PhD The field of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) research has been gaining traction in recent years1. CSCs are a minority group of cells (usually about 1 in 10000) within solid tumors of hematolog... Read more. |
| Autophagy in the Tumor Microenvironment By Christina Towers, PhD. The last 20 years of cancer research have taught us the vast complexities of this life-altering disease. In the last 5 years we have realized that those complexities might extend beyond the... Read more. |
| Cleaner gone bad: Autophagy regulates motor neuron loss in spinal muscular atrophy By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Neuromuscular disorders affect the peripheral nervous system and muscles. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one such incurable disease in which muscles fail to receive signals from the sp... Read more. |
| Autophagy inhibition in pediatrics: One physician-scientist’s brave decision By Christina Towers, PhD. The current time from when a discovery is first made on the bench to when that discovery might translate into an approved therapy in cancer patients is an astounding 10-15 years. Scientis... Read more. |
| Nuclear LC3: Why is it there and what is it doing? By Christina Towers, PhD. Cells use the complex process of autophagy to degrade and recycle cytoplasmic material. There are over 20 proteins that have been implicated in this process and appropriately named core ... Read more. |
| Autophagy independent roles of the core ATG proteins By Christina Towers, PhD. Autophagy and ATG ProteinsAutophagy is a nutrient recycling process that cells use to fuel metabolism, particularly in response to nutrient deprivation. It is critical for removal of dam... Read more. |
| Lysosomal Dysfunction is Linked to Exosomal Secretion By Christina Towers, PhD. Lysosomal Dysfunction and DiseaseLysosomes are highly acidic organelles that are critical for cellular function and indispensable for degradative pathways like autophagy and endocytosis.... Read more. |
| Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress and Autophagy By Christina Towers, PhD. Role of Reactive Species in Cellular FunctionOxidative stress is a byproduct of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants present in the cell, resulting in dysfunctional redox si... Read more. |
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| Monitoring Autophagy in Neurons By Christina Towers, PhD. Autophagy is a critical cellular process used by most cells in the body to recycle nutrients and prevent harmful buildup of damaged proteins. It is particularly important in the brain, where ... Read more. |
| Measuring Autophagic Flux with LC3 protein levels: The do's and don'ts By Christina Towers, PhD. Autophagy is a dynamic cellular recycling process that can be influenced by many different external and internal stimuli. The most commonly used assay to measure autophagy is a western blot f... Read more. |
| How a cell "reaches" out for help By Christina Towers, PhD. Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition defined by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein-containing (alpha-SYN) intra-cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies. The ... Read more. |
| Epigenetic Control of Autophagy By Christina Towers, PhD. In the last 20 years, epigenetic regulation has become front and center for almost all fields of biology and its role in diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration are being heavily studi... Read more. |
| A link between Autophagy and Apoptosis: Chat with First Author Brent E. Fitzwalter By Christina Towers, PhD. Autophagy is a cellular recycling process and most often a pro-survival mechanism that regulates cellular homeostasis. On the contrary, apoptosis is an extensively conserved and elaborate pr... Read more. |
| E-syt in Autophagosome biogenesis: What is the source of it all? By Christina Towers, PhD. Macroautophagy is a cellular recycling process that requires the formation of double membrane structures to engulf and degrade damaged cytoplasmic material. The pathway involves over 20 co... Read more. |
| Application Focus: I see an increase in LC3, now what? By Christina Towers, PhD. Autophagy is highly conserved and tightly regulated process that all cell types use to recycle nutrients, particularly in the instance of stress1. As a result, even sm... Read more. |
| Losing memory: Toxicity from mutant APP and amyloid beta explain the hippocampal neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder that destroys memory and thinking skills. The telltale signs of AD brains are extracellular deposits of amy... Read more. |
| RNA-binding protein Staufen1 conspires with Atxn2 in stress granules to cause neurodegeneration by dysregulating RNA metabolism By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a movement disorder characterized by neurodegeneration. The cause of this autosomal dominant disease is a mutation in the RNA processing gene Atxn2,... Read more. |
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| Animal Models to Study Autophagy By Christina Towers, PhD What is autophagy?Autophagy is the catabolic process that degrades cytoplasmic material via the lysosome. The process of macroautophagy was originally characterized in yeast, where the... Read more. |
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| How to visualize autophagy by microscopy By Christina Towers, PhD Autophagy is a recycling process that relies on the formation of a unique organelle termed an autophagosome. An elegant way to monitor autophagy is through various microscopy techniques to... Read more. |
| Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration: Protein aggregation and failure of autophagy By Michalina Hanzel, PhDIn a series of three blog posts I will briefly explore the major cellular mechanisms responsible for many neurodegenerative disorders. The first, and perhaps the most apparent, is the accumulat... Read more. |
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| Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress By Michalina Hanzel, PhDIn this second installment of our three blog-posts series on major cellular mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative disorders, we will explore the processes of mitochondrial dysfunction an... Read more. |
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| Optogenetic Control of Mitophagy: AMBRA1 based mitophagy switch By Christina Towers, PhD Mitophagy in the BrainSelective autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria, known as mitophagy, has been described as a cyto-protective process. Accordingly, defects in mitophagy h... Read more. |
| Comprehensive Autophagy Research Tools - New Catalog Available Now! Autophagy, a protein degradation process through autophagosome-lysosomal pathway, is important for cellular homeostasis and plays a role in many diseases. To help researchers learn more about this process and the products available for its study, N... Read more. |
| LC3B - a novel marker for autophagosome Autophagy, also known as macroautophagy, supplies alternative fuel for cells that are under environmental stress conditions (including starvation, growth factor deprivation, and hypoxia). This highly regulated and catabolic cell process recycles a... Read more. |
| Autophagy and Metastasis By Christina Towers, PhD The majority of cancer patients die from metastatic disease at secondary sites. The threshold to undergo metastasis is high. Only a minority of cancer cells acquire invasive phenotypes... Read more. |
| Autophagy Research Update: What a difference a year makes! By Christina Towers, PhD Over the last two decades the field of autophagy has exploded! Innovative techniques, comprehensive analysis and disease-relevant models have yielded basic and clinical discoveries of conseque... Read more. |
| New Players in the Mitophagy Game By Christina Towers, PhD Mitochondrial turn over via the lysosome, otherwise known as mitophagy, involves engulfment of mitochondria into double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with lysosomes. Much is al... Read more. |
| Liver ASK1 activates autophagy to protect against hepatic fat accumulation, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. The most common chronic liver disorder worldwide is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This obesity-linked disorder can manifest as hepatic fat accumulation (steatosis) wit... Read more. |
| Understanding Mitophagy Mechanisms: Canonical PINK1/Parkin, LC3-Dependent Piecemeal, and LC3-Independent Mitochondrial Derived Vesicles By Christina Towers, PhD What is Mitophagy?The selective degradation of mitochondria via double membrane autophagosome vesicles is called mitophagy. Damaged mitochondria can generate harmful amounts of reactive ox... Read more. |
| ATG9A - early marker autophagosome assembly ATG9A is the only essential integral membrane protein involved in autophagy. ATG9A contains six transmembrane domains and initiates the assembly of autophagosomes. The autophagosome is a double-membrane structure that engulfs and eventually degrade... Read more. |
| Beclin 1 - A Key Regulator of Autophagosome Formation The Beclin 1 protein is a central regulator of autophagy in mammalian cells. Autophagy is an essential process used to maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling cellular components such as damaged or worn out organelles and macromole... Read more. |
| Methamphetamine with HIV induces mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal injury through oxidative stress By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. December 1 is the World AIDS Day. Despite the combination antiretroviral therapy, 10-25% of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive individuals report neurocognitive impairm... Read more. |
| Autophagy and RAS signaling: Clinical implications By Christina Towers, PhD The cellular recycling process known as autophagy is currently being targeted in over 60 clinical trials focused on treating different types of cancer1. To date, the only autophagy-targeted ... Read more. |
| Staufen1 Overabundance and the Consequent mTOR Hyperactivity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s Diseases Jamshed Arslan, Pharm D, PhD Neurodegenerative disorders involve loss of function and, ultimately, death of neurons. Selective neuronal vulnerability has been observed in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Fo... Read more. |
| LAMP2 - a marker of lysosomes and late endosomes Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles responsible for the degradation of various biological macromolecules. Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes bud from the Golgi and fuse with endosomes to form the mature lysosome capable of breaking down va... Read more. |
| ATG4C - A regulator of the early steps of autophagosome assembly Autophagy is an important cellular process that maintains homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged proteins and organelles. Autophagy receptors, such as p62/SQSTM1, recognize these intracellular cargo and mediate their engulfment by the doubl... Read more. |
