VEGF Antibody (VG76e) - BSA Free

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also called VEGF-A and vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein belonging to the VEGF family with a role in stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (1,2). More specifically, VEGF-A secretion from most cell types contributes to promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting apoptosis, increasing vascular permeability, and wound healing (1). The VEGF family consists of several members including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, VEGF-F, and placenta growth factor (PLGF) (1-4). As a result of alternative splicing of the eight exon VEGFA gene, there are several VEGF-A protein isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) in length, with VEGF121 and VEGF165 being the two most expressed isoforms (1,5). Full length VEGF-A monomer has a 26 aa signal sequence plus a 206 aa (VEGF206) sequence, with a theoretic molecular weight (MW) of 27 kDa, containing VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGR2 binding sites and heparin-binding domains (1-3,5,6). VEGF121 lacks heparin affinity and binds the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, whereas VEGF165 has moderate affinity for heparin and, in addition to being a ligand for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, can also bind the co-receptors neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and NRP2 (1,5). Hypoxia and hypoxia-related genes such as HIF-1, EGF, and PDGF are major regulators angiogenesis and VEGF expression (1,3). VEGF signaling initiated by ligand binding to its receptors results in activation of different pathways including PI3K and MAPK and ultimately guides endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival (1,3). While VEGF plays an important role in promoting normal angiogenesis and blood vessel formation, its expression is often upregulated in tumors and other angiogenesis-related pathologies like osteroarthritis (OA) (1-5,7). Given its function, VEGF and its receptors have become a therapeutic target for treating cancer and blocking angiogenesis (4,5,7). A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-VEGFA antibody called bevacizumab (Avastin) was first approved by the FDA in 2004 for the treatment of a number of cancers (1-3,5). Cancer patients may experience resistance to anti-VEGF antibodies and, as such, clinical studies are exploring combination treatment options with chemotherapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (3,5).

References

1. Melincovici CS, Bosca AB, susman S, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018;59(2):455-467.

2. Shaik F, Cuthbert GA, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Muench SP, Ponnambalam S, Harrison MA. Structural Basis for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation and Implications for Disease Therapy. Biomolecules. 2020;10(12):1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10121673

3. Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in Signaling and Disease: Beyond Discovery and Development. Cell. 2019;176(6):1248-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.021

4. Matsumoto K, Ema M. Roles of VEGF-A signalling in development, regeneration, and tumours. J Biochem. 2014;156(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvu031

5. Itatani Y, Kawada K, Yamamoto T, Sakai Y. Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Cancer-Alterations to Anti-VEGF Pathway. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(4):1232. Published 2018 Apr 18. doi:10.3390/ijms19041232

6. Uniprot (P15692)

7. Hamilton JL, Nagao M, Levine BR, Chen D, Olsen BR, Im HJ. Targeting VEGF and Its Receptors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Associated Pain. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(5):911-924. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2828

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 4 confirmed species: Human, Rat, Bovine, Porcine.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: IF/IHC, IHC-P, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, RIA, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 15. Show All 15 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB100-648	Applications	Species
Kim DJ, Hahn HM, Youn YN et al. Adipose Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Angiogenesis in a Rat Hindlimb Ischaemia Model European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 2023-11-21 [PMID: 37995961] (Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Rat)	Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin	Rat
He H, Zhang H, Pan Y et al. Low oxygen concentration improves yak oocyte maturation and inhibits apoptosis through HIF-1 and VEGF Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene 2021-12-30 [PMID: 34967955] (IF/IHC)	IF/IHC
Dickson MJ, Kvidera SK, Horst EA et al. Impacts of chronic and increasing lipopolysaccharide exposure on production and reproductive parameters in lactating Holstein dairy cows J. Dairy Sci. 2019-02-06 [PMID: 30738665] (WB, Bovine)	WB	Bovine
Huang YC, Xiao J, Leung VY et al. Lumbar intervertebral disc allograft transplantation: the revascularisation pattern. Eur Spine J 2018-03-01 [PMID: 29214370]
Iwai R, Nemoto Y, Nakayama Y. Preparation and characterization of directed, one-day-self-assembled millimeter-size spheroids of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015-09-19 [PMID: 26386244] (IF/IHC, Rat)	IF/IHC	Rat
Nishimiya K, Matsumoto Y, Shindo T et al. Association of Adventitial Vasa Vasorum and Inflammation With Coronary Hyperconstriction After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Pigs In Vivo Circ. J. 2015-06-01 [PMID: 26027445] (IHC-P, Porcine)	IHC-P	Porcine
Xu X, Mao W, Chai Y et al. Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Endostar, Prevents Vasa Vasorum Neovascularization in a Swine Atherosclerosis Model. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015-05-26 [PMID: 26016418] (WB)	WB
Yoshizawa Sayuri, Brown Andrew, Barchowsky Aaron, Sfeir Charles. Role of magnesium ions on osteogenic response in bone marrow stromal cells. Connect Tissue Res. 2014-08-01 [PMID: 25158202] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Yoshizawa S, Brown A, Barchowsky A. Magnesium ion stimulation of bone marrow stromal cells enhances osteogenic activity, simulating the effect of magnesium alloy degradation. Acta Biomater 2014-02-24 [PMID: 24512978] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Yu R, Dhall D, Nissen NN et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in glucagon receptor-deficient mice. PLoS ONE 20116(8). [PMID: 21853126]
Mannheim D et al. Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve in experimental hypercholesterolemia is independent of myocardial neovascularization. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol;2925:H2449-58. 2007-05-01 [PMID: 17208989] (WB, Porcine)	WB	Porcine
Brown NS, Streeter EH, Jones A et al. Cooperative stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by hypoxia and reactive oxygen species: the effect of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress in an orthotopic xenograft model of bladder carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2005-05-09 [PMID: 15841086]
Collingridge DR, Carroll VA, Glaser M, Aboagye EO, Osman S, Hutchinson OC, Barthel H, Luthra SK, Brady F, Bicknell R, Price P, Harris AL. The development of [124I]iodinated-VG76e: a novel tracer for imaging vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo using positron emission tomography. Cancer Res. 6220:5912-9. 2002-10-15 [PMID: 12384557] (RIA, Human)	RIA	Human
Fraser HM, Dickson SE, Lunn SF, Wulff C, Morris KD, Carroll VA, Bicknell R. Suppression of luteal angiogenesis in the primate after neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocrinology;1413:995-1000. 2000-03-01 [PMID: 10698175]
Zhang L et al. Validation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor anti-VEGF antibodies for immunohistochemical localization of VEGF in tissue sections: expression of VEGF in the human endometrium. J Pathol;1854:402-8. 1998-08-01 [PMID: 9828839] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Show All 15 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
	3 reviewed by: Hima S	WB	Other	09/14/2014	View Summary Application Western Blot Sample Tested Bovine Lysate Species Other
Enlarge	4 reviewed by: Verified Customer	IHC-P	Other	07/29/2014	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested sheep tonsil Species Other
Enlarge	3 reviewed by: Ewa Kaniewska	IF	Other	05/13/2014	View Summary Application Immunofluorescence Species Other
	5 reviewed by: Ewa Kaniewska	ICC	Other	05/13/2014	View Summary Application Immunocytochemistry Sample Tested pig endothelial cells Species Other Lot 747/07
Enlarge	4 reviewed by: Ana Baburamani	IHC-P	Other	05/04/2011	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested Fetal Sheep Brain Tissue Species Other Lot 467/04

Array NB100-648

• VEGF Antibodies
• VEGF ELISA Kits
• VEGF Lysates
• VEGF Proteins
• VEGF Proteins and Enzymes
• VEGF ELISAs