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Recombinant Human GM-CSF Protein

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Recombinant Human GM-CSF Protein (Catalog # 215-GM) has a molecular weight (MW) of 14.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a monomer. 
Recombinant Human GM-CSF (Catalog # 215-IL) stimulates cell proliferation of the TF-1 human erythroleukemic cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.
1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human GM-CSF was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 14 kDa.

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Summary
Reactivity HuSpecies Glossary
Applications Bioactivity

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Recombinant Human GM-CSF Protein Summary

Additional Information
Analyzed by SEC-MALS
Details of Functionality
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The ED50 for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived human GM-CSF protein
Ala18-Glu144
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
Ala18
Protein/Peptide Type
Recombinant Proteins
Gene
CSF2
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Note
<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

Dilutions
  • Bioactivity
Theoretical MW
14 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
Publications
Read Publications using
215-GM in the following applications:

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Reconstitution Instructions
Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human GM-CSF Protein

  • colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
  • Colony-stimulating factor
  • CSF
  • CSF2
  • CSF-2
  • GMCSF
  • GM-CSF
  • GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • MGC131935
  • MGC138897
  • Molgramostim
  • molgramostin
  • Sargramostim

Background

GM‑CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte‑macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM‑CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM‑CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM‑CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3‑5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia, and GM‑CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM‑CSF, similar to IL‑3 and IL‑5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled
alpha -helices (8‑12). Mature human GM‑CSF shares 63%‑70% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, porcine, and rat GM‑CSF and 54% with mouse GM‑CSF. GM‑CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM‑CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta  chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high‑affinity receptors for IL‑3 and IL‑5 (13, 14). In addition, GM‑CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM‑CSF R alpha (15). Human GM‑CSF is active on canine and feline cells but not on murine cells (16‑18).
  1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
  2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509.
  3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163.
  4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.
  5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.
  6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.
  7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
  8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
  9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779. 
  10. Cantrell, M.A. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:6250.
  11. Lee, F. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:4360.
  12. Wong, G.G. et al. (1985) Science 228:810.
  13. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
  14. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
  15. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
  16. Hogge, G.S. et al. (1990) Cancer Gene Ther. 6:26.
  17. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
  18. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.

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215-GM
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Publications for GM-CSF (215-GM)(278)

We have publications tested in 7 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat, Canine, Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating Monkey or Cynomolgus Macaque), Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque), Rabbit.

We have publications tested in 8 applications: Bioassay, Cell Culture, Control, Differentiation, ELISA Development, In Vivo, SDS-Page, Stimulation.


Filter By Application
Bioassay
(251)
Cell Culture
(17)
Control
(1)
Differentiation
(3)
ELISA Development
(1)
In Vivo
(2)
SDS-Page
(1)
Stimulation
(1)
All Applications
Filter By Species
Human
(265)
Mouse
(2)
Rat
(4)
Canine
(2)
Primate - Macaca fascicularis (Crab-eating Monkey or Cynomolgus Macaque)
(1)
Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
(4)
Rabbit
(1)
All Species
Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 278. Show All 278 Publications.
Publications using 215-GM Applications Species
Anderson, AE;Parashar, K;Jin, K;Clor, J;Stagnaro, CE;Vani, U;Singh, J;Chen, A;Guan, Y;Talukdar, P;Sathishkumar, P;Juat, DJ;Singh, H;Kushwaha, R;Zhao, X;Kaplan, A;Seitz, L;Walters, MJ;Fernandez-Salas, E;Walker, NPC;Bowman, CE; Characterization of AB598, a CD39 Enzymatic Inhibitory Antibody for the Treatment of Solid Tumors Molecular cancer therapeutics 2024-05-27 [PMID: 38797955] (Human) Human
Yildirim-Balatan, C;Fenyi, A;Besnault, P;Gomez, L;Sepulveda-Diaz, JE;Michel, PP;Melki, R;Hunot, S; Parkinson's disease-derived ?-synuclein assemblies combined with chronic-type inflammatory cues promote a neurotoxic microglial phenotype Journal of neuroinflammation 2024-02-21 [PMID: 38383421] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
Múnera, JO;Kechele, DO;Bouffi, C;Qu, N;Jing, R;Maity, P;Enriquez, JR;Han, L;Campbell, I;Mahe, MM;McCauley, HA;Zhang, X;Sundaram, N;Hudson, JR;Zarsozo-Lacoste, A;Pradhan, S;Tominaga, K;Sanchez, JG;Weiss, AA;Chatuvedi, P;Spence, JR;Hachimi, M;North, T;Daley, GQ;Mayhew, CN;Hu, YC;Takebe, T;Helmrath, MA;Wells, JM; Development of functional resident macrophages in human pluripotent stem cell-derived colonic organoids and human fetal colon Cell stem cell 2023-11-02 [PMID: 37922878] (Differentiation) Differentiation
Cortés-López, M;Chamely, P;Hawkins, AG;Stanley, RF;Swett, AD;Ganesan, S;Mouhieddine, TH;Dai, X;Kluegel, L;Chen, C;Batta, K;Furer, N;Vedula, RS;Beaulaurier, J;Drong, AW;Hickey, S;Dusaj, N;Mullokandov, G;Stasiw, AM;Su, J;Chaligné, R;Juul, S;Harrington, E;Knowles, DA;Potenski, CJ;Wiseman, DH;Tanay, A;Shlush, L;Lindsley, RC;Ghobrial, IM;Taylor, J;Abdel-Wahab, O;Gaiti, F;Landau, DA; Single-cell multi-omics defines the cell-type-specific impact of splicing aberrations in human hematopoietic clonal outgrowths Cell stem cell 2023-08-09 [PMID: 37582363] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
Y Yu, M Wang, XW Li, J Mao, YJ Zhu, N Wang, LH Yin, ZL Guo, H Cai, T Li, TT Liang, J Cui, T Zhou Meloxicam inhibits STING phosphorylation and alleviates intracellular DNA-mediated autoimmune responses Cell & bioscience, 2023-04-29;13(1):76. 2023-04-29 [PMID: 37120570] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
JY Li, Y Zhao, S Gong, MM Wang, X Liu, QM He, YQ Li, SY Huang, H Qiao, XR Tan, ML Ye, XH Zhu, SW He, Q Li, YL Liang, KL Chen, SW Huang, QJ Li, J Ma, N Liu TRIM21 inhibits irradiation-induced mitochondrial DNA release and impairs antitumour immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour models Nature Communications, 2023-02-16;14(1):865. 2023-02-16 [PMID: 36797289] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
H Zheng, X Yu, ML Ibrahim, D Foresman, M Xie, JO Johnson, TA Boyle, B Ruffell, BA Perez, SJ Antonia, N Ready, AN Saltos, MJ Cantwell, AA Beg Combination IFNbeta and membrane-stable CD40L maximize tumor dendritic cell activation and lymph node trafficking to elicit systemic T-cell immunity Cancer Immunology Research, 2023-04-03;0(0):. 2023-04-03 [PMID: 36757308] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
D Kwart, J He, S Srivatsan, C Lett, J Golubov, EM Oswald, P Poon, X Ye, J Waite, AG Zaretsky, S Haxhinasto, E Au-Yeung, NT Gupta, J Chiu, C Adler, S Cherravuru, E Malahias, N Negron, K Lanza, A Coppola, M Ni, H Song, Y Wei, GS Atwal, L Macdonald, NS Oristian, W Poueymirou, V Jankovic, M Fury, I Lowy, AJ Murphy, MA Sleeman, B Wang, D Skokos Cancer cell-derived type I interferons instruct tumor monocyte polarization Cell Reports, 2022-12-06;41(10):111769. 2022-12-06 [PMID: 36476866] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
H Salvator, A Cheng, LB Rosen, PR Williamson, JE Bennett, A Kashyap, L Ding, KJ Kwon-Chung, H Namkoong, CS Zerbe, SM Holland Neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cryptococcal meningitis and severe nocardiosis Respiratory Research, 2022-10-11;23(1):280. 2022-10-11 [PMID: 36221098] (ELISA Development, Human) ELISA Development Human
SP John, A Singh, J Sun, MJ Pierre, L Alsalih, C Lipsey, Z Traore, S Balcom-Luk, CJ Bradfield, J Song, TE Markowitz, M Smelkinson, M Ferrer, IDC Fraser Small-molecule screening identifies Syk kinase inhibition and rutaecarpine as modulators of macrophage training and SARS-CoV-2 infection Cell Reports, 2022-09-15;0(0):111441. 2022-09-15 [PMID: 36179680] (Bioassay, Human) Bioassay Human
Show All 278 Publications.

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Bioinformatics

Gene Symbol CSF2
Uniprot