Recombinant Human CXCL4/PF4 Protein, CF

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

CXCL4, also called PF4 (platelet factor 4), is an 8 kDa member of the CXC chemokine family, sharing features with CXCL8/IL-8 and CXCL7/NAP-2 (1-3). Mature human CXCL4 shares 65-76% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine, ovine and porcine CXCL4. The active protein is a tetramer of CXCL4 subunits that forms a ring of heparin-binding positive charges from sites at the C-terminal region of each monomer (3). Megakaryocytes synthesize CXCL4 and store it in platelet alpha -granules (2, 3). Secretion from activated platelets can produce micromolar levels in serum and over 100-fold higher within clots (2, 3). In contrast to other CXC chemokines, CXCL4 does not contain an ELR motif and lacks binding to nearly all chemokine receptors (2, 3). A potential high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptor for CXCL4, the CXCR3 isoform CXCR3B, is expressed in human but not mouse (2, 3). In most cases, it is likely that cell surface binding and signaling properties of CXCL4 are due to binding of glycosaminoglycans chains, particularly chondroitin sulfates (2). CXCL4 released from activated platelets binds and regulates thrombin/thrombomodulin complexes, regulates and enhances production of activated Protein C (APC), and limits the coagulation cascade (2-6). It binds and influences the enzymatic activity of coagulation factor Xa (7). It binds fibrin and affects clot structure (8). Therapeutic doses of the anticoagulant heparin neutralize CXCL4 procoagulant effects (9). The complex between heparin and CXCL4 can be immunogenic, and circulating CXCL4-heparin antibodies cause the pathological syndrome HITT (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, also called HIT) (2). In addition, immunogenic complexes of CXCL4 with apolipoprotein H can contribute to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (10). CXCL4 can be antiproliferative and antiangiogenic, at least in part via interfering with FGF-2 and VEGF heparin binding and thus inhibiting their signaling (3, 11-13). However, it can also be proinflammatory and pro-atherogenic through multiple effects on monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells (2, 3).

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Virus.

We have publications tested in 3 applications: Binding Assay, Bioassay, Flow Cytometry Control.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 13. Show All 13 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using 795-P4/CF	Applications	Species
K Sha, M Chen, F Liu, S Xu, B Wang, Q Peng, Y Zhang, H Xie, J Li, Z Deng Platelet factor 4 inhibits human hair follicle growth and promotes androgen receptor expression in human dermal papilla cells PeerJ, 2020-09-04;8(0):e9867. 2020-09-04 [PMID: 32953277] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
A Ojha, A Bhasym, S Mukherjee, GK Annarapu, T Bhakuni, I Akbar, T Seth, NK Vikram, S Vrati, A Basu, S Bhattachar, P Guchhait Platelet factor 4 promotes rapid replication and propagation of Dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses EBioMedicine, 2018-12-05;39(0):332-347. 2018-12-05 [PMID: 30527622] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
C Daly, X Qian, C Castanaro, E Pasnikowsk, X Jiang, BR Thomson, SE Quaggin, N Papadopoul, Y Wei, JS Rudge, G Thurston, GD Yancopoulo, S Davis Angiopoietins bind thrombomodulin and inhibit its function as a thrombin cofactor Sci Rep, 2018-01-11;8(1):505. 2018-01-11 [PMID: 29323190] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
B Schludi, ASM Moin, C Montemurro, T Gurlo, AV Matveyenko, D Kirakossia, DW Dawson, SM Dry, PC Butler, AE Butler Islet inflammation and ductal proliferation may be linked to increased pancreatitis risk in type 2 diabetes JCI Insight, 2017-07-06;2(13):. 2017-07-06 [PMID: 28679961] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
H Bronger, A Karge, T Dreyer, D Zech, S Kraeft, S Avril, M Kiechle, M Schmitt Induction of cathepsin B by the CXCR3 chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in human breast cancer cells Oncol Lett, 2017-04-05;13(6):4224-4230. 2017-04-05 [PMID: 28599423] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
RK Schneider, A Mullally, A Dugourd, F Peisker, R Hoogenboez, PMH Van Strien, EM Bindels, D Heckl, G Büsche, D Fleck, G Müller-New, J Wongboonsi, M Ventura Fe, VG Puelles, J Saez-Rodri, BL Ebert, BD Humphreys, R Kramann Gli1(+) Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are a Key Driver of Bone Marrow Fibrosis and an Important Cellular Therapeutic Target Cell Stem Cell, 2017-04-27;0(0):. 2017-04-27 [PMID: 28457748] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Ollivier V, Syvannarath V, Gros A, Butt A, Loyau S, Jandrot-Perrus M, Ho-Tin-Noe B Collagen can selectively trigger a platelet secretory phenotype via glycoprotein VI. PLoS ONE, 2014-08-12;9(8):e104712. 2014-08-12 [PMID: 25116206] (Flow Cytometry Control, Human)	Flow Cytometry Control	Human
Guzzo C, Fox J, Lin Y, Miao H, Cimbro R, Volkman B, Fauci A, Lusso P The CD8-derived chemokine XCL1/lymphotactin is a conformation-dependent, broad-spectrum inhibitor of HIV-1. PLoS Pathog, 2013-12-26;9(12):e1003852. 2013-12-26 [PMID: 24385911] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Balan M, Pal S A novel CXCR3-B chemokine receptor-induced growth-inhibitory signal in cancer cells is mediated through the regulation of Bach-1 protein and Nrf2 protein nuclear translocation. J Biol Chem, 2013-12-23;289(6):3126-37. 2013-12-23 [PMID: 24366869] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Zhu Y, Vergote D, Pardo C, Noorbakhsh F, McArthur JC, Hollenberg MD, Overall CM, Power C CXCR3 activation by lentivirus infection suppresses neuronal autophagy: neuroprotective effects of antiretroviral therapy. FASEB J., 2009-04-20;23(9):2928-41. 2009-04-20 [PMID: 19380511] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Datta D, Flaxenburg JA, Laxmanan S, Geehan C, Grimm M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Briscoe DM, Pal S Ras-induced modulation of CXCL10 and its receptor splice variant CXCR3-B in MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 cells: relevance for the development of human breast cancer. Cancer Res., 2006-10-01;66(19):9509-18. 2006-10-01 [PMID: 17018607] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Nakayama T, Shirane J, Hieshima K, Shibano M, Watanabe M, Jin Z, Nagakubo D, Saito T, Shimomura Y, Yoshie O Novel antiviral activity of chemokines. Virology, 2006-04-17;350(2):484-92. 2006-04-17 [PMID: 16603217] (Binding Assay, Bioassay, Virus)	Binding Assay, Bioassay	Virus
Show All 13 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array 795-P4/CF

• CXCL4/PF4 Antibodies
• CXCL4/PF4 ELISA Kits
• CXCL4/PF4 Lysate
• CXCL4/PF4 Proteins
• CXCL4/PF4 Proteins and Enzymes
• CXCL4/PF4 ELISAs