| Reactivity | EqSpecies Glossary |
| Applications | Bioactivity |
| Format | Carrier-Free |
| Details of Functionality | Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED50 for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL. |
| Source | Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived equine TGF-beta 1 protein Ala279-Ser390 Accession # NP_001075318 |
| Accession # | |
| N-terminal Sequence | Ala279 |
| Structure / Form | Disulfide-linked homodimer |
| Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Proteins |
| Gene | TGFB1 |
| Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining |
| Endotoxin Note | <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
| Dilutions |
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| Theoretical MW | 13 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
|
| SDS-PAGE | 11-13 kDa, reducing conditions |
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| Publications |
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| Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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| Buffer | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl. |
| Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining |
| Reconstitution Instructions | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl. |
TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1-7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Equine TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF-beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (8-10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature equine TGF-beta 1 shares 98% aa identity with mouse, rat, and human TGF-beta 1, 99% aa identity with pig and dog TGF-beta 1, and 88% aa identity with cow TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross-species activity (1). TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II Ser/Thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second Ser/Thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI/ALK-5, or alternatively, ALK-1.This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors TGF-beta RIII/Betaglycan and Endoglin/CD105, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts (11).
| Publication using 8617-B1/CF | Applications | Species |
|---|---|---|
| BE Rink, KR Amilon, CL Esteves, HM French, E Watson, C Aurich, FX Donadeu Isolation and characterization of equine endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells Stem Cell Res Ther, 2017-07-12;8(1):166. 2017-07-12 [PMID: 28701175] (Bioassay, Equine) | Bioassay | Equine |
|
TGF-beta 1 - a versatile signaling molecule with roles in development and disease The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family consists of a wide variety of signaling proteins with roles in development. TGF-beta signaling controls growth, differentiation, and immune responses and is often misregulated in cancer. TGF-beta ... Read full blog post. |
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| Gene Symbol | TGFB1 |
| Uniprot |
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![Western Blot TGF-beta RI/ALK-5 Antibody [Unconjugated]](https://images.novusbio.com/images/af3025_human-tgf-beta-ri-alk-5-affinity-purified-polyclonal-ab-41202412402510.jpg)
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![Cell Culture EGF [Unconjugated]](https://images.novusbio.com/images/236-eg_recombinant-human-egf-protein-cf-bioactivity-25202394053.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Smad4 Antibody [Unconjugated]](https://images.novusbio.com/images2/Smad4_AF2097_Chromatin_Immunoprecipitation_11225.jpg)
![Western Blot Smad4 Antibody [Unconjugated]](https://images.novusbio.com/images2/Smad4_AF2097_Western_Blot_17168.jpg)
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![Bioactivity TGF-beta 1 [Unconjugated]](https://images.novusbio.com/images/protein/7754-bhcf_recombinant-human-tgf-beta-1-human-cell-expressed-cf-bioactivity-1811202013946.jpg)
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