Nucleolin is an abundant, 106 kDa nucleolar phosphoprotein that is a major protein in actively dividing cells. The stability of nucleolin is heavily cell proliferation-dependent, as nucleolin antibody studies have shown that degraded forms are relatively abundant in quiescent non-dividing cells, while nonexist in actively dividing cells. This protein plays multifunctional roles in global processes of rDNA transcription, organization, and rRNA processing. Hanakahi, et. al. believe nucleolin is a component of the B-cell-specific transcription factor LR1 through use of nucleolin antibodies (1). Immunoprecipitation with nucleolin antibodies shows in vitro nucleolin binding to the KLF2 transcription factor promoter (2) and the c-myc g-quadruplex (along with the stabilization of the quadruplex complex) (3).
Interestingly, nucleolin colocalization with BRCA1 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines confirms some sort of functional significance for oncology (4). Confocal microscopy with nucleolin antibodies has also linked nucleolin expression to melanoma cancer (5). Nucleolin’s potential lies not just as a diagnostic marker, but also as a therapeutic agent, as it is one of several targets localized intracellularly in normal cells but expressed on externally on the cell surface in tumor cells (6). Most recently, Qin, et. al. have found a further role of nucleolin in organ transplant allograft rejection, as determined through antibody panel surveys with nucleolin antibodies (7).
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