TNF-alpha Antibody (52B83)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily that is secreted by monocytes/macrophages, T cell, and natural killer (NK), among others (1). TNF-alpha is synthesized as a 233 amino acid (aa) transmembrane protein (mTNF-alpha) with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 26 kDa (1,2) that forms a homotrimer. mTNF-alpha is cleaved by TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and released in its 157 aa, 17 kDa soluble form (sTNF-alpha) (1-5). Both mTNF-alpha and sTNF-alpha are capable of binding type 1 TNF receptors (TNFR1), whereas mTNF-alpha predominately binds to TNFR2 (1,2). TNF-alpha binding to its receptors causes receptor recruitment of adaptor proteins, formation of signaling complexes, and downstream signaling cascades (e.g. MAPK, NF-kappaB, and Caspase-8), leading to distinct cellular responses such as survival, proliferation, inflammation, necroptosis, and apoptosis (1-5).

TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response; however, dysregulation of TNF-alpha production can result in various pathologies (2,4,5). Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and TNF-alpha has been implicated in an array of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis (2,4,5). Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, including Infliximab, and soluble TNFR have been approved for the treatment of autoimmune and TNF-mediated diseases (5). Additionally, data suggests that TNF inhibitors can be beneficial for treating patients experiencing immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer treatment (6).

References

1. Holbrook J, Lara-Reyna S, Jarosz-Griffiths H, McDermott M. Tumour necrosis factor signalling in health and disease. F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-111. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17023.1

2. Jang DI, Lee AH, Shin HY, et al. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-alpha Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052719

3. Horiuchi T, Mitoma H, Harashima S, Tsukamoto H, Shimoda T. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(7):1215-1228. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq031

4. Webster JD, Vucic D. The Balance of TNF Mediated Pathways Regulates Inflammatory Cell Death Signaling in Healthy and Diseased Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00365

5. Kalliolias GD, Ivashkiv LB. TNF biology, pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016; 12(1):49-62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2015.169

6. Chen AY, Wolchok JD, Bass AR. TNF in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: friend or foe?. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;17(4):213-223. doi:10.1038/s41584-021-00584-4

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rabbit.

We have publications tested in 3 applications: ELISA, IF/IHC, IHC-P.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 11. Show All 11 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NB600-1422	Applications	Species
Shu Z, Ai Y, Liu X et al. Astragalus polysaccharide reduces the incidence of postoperative urethral fistula in the rabbit model of hypospadias Research Square 2023-01-27
Gadanec LK, Andersson U, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Homocysteine-Induced Vascular Dysfunction Nutrients 2023-07-18 [PMID: 37513606]
Singh J, Thachil T, Eapen M Et Al. Immunohistochemical investigation of cytokine expression levels as biomarkers in transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy specimens of prostate adenocarcinoma Molecular and Clinical Oncology 2021-07-16 [PMID: 34405051] (IHC-P)	IHC-P
Paschalis EI, Lei F, Zhou C et al. The Role of Microglia and Peripheral Monocytes in Retinal Damage Following Corneal Chemical Injury. Am J Pathol 2018-04-06 [PMID: 29630857] (IF/IHC) Details: This citation used the FITC version of this antibody.	IF/IHC
Cao Q, Zhang J, Gao L et al. Dickkopf-3 upregulation mediates the cardioprotective effects of curcumin on chronic heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2018-05-01 [PMID: 29568962] (IF/IHC, Rabbit)	IF/IHC	Rabbit
Zhou C, Robert MC, Kapoulea V et al. Sustained Subconjunctival Delivery of Infliximab Protects the Cornea and Retina Following Alkali Burn to the Eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2017-01-01 [PMID: 28114570] (IF/IHC, Rabbit) Details: This citation used the FITC version of this antibody.	IF/IHC	Rabbit
Li J, Das JR, Tang P et al. Transmembrane TNF-alpha Facilitates HIV-1 Infection of Podocytes Cultured from Children with HIV-Associated Nephropathy. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2016-11-03 [PMID: 27811066]
Azeez IA, Olopade F, Laperchia C et al. Regional Myelin and Axon Damage and Neuroinflammation in the Adult Mouse Brain After Long-Term Postnatal Vanadium Exposure J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2016-07-06 [PMID: 27390101] (IF/IHC, Mouse)	IF/IHC	Mouse
Kishore D, Gopal A, Gambhir I, Diwaker A Aging immunity, immunosenescence, or inflamm-aging: A comparative study of cytokines J Med Soc 2019-10-14 (ELISA, Human)	ELISA	Human
Wang Z, Zibrila AI, Liu S et al. Acetylcholine Ameliorated TNF-alpha-induced Primary Trophoblast Malfunction via Muscarinic Receptors Biol. Reprod. 2020-09-09 [PMID: 32902620]
Mardjiati S, Wulan M, Laswati H, Hadi U, et al. Physical Exercise in Clinical Stage IIhuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Patients’ Increasesskeletal Muscle MAss Through the Increasing of Myogenic Regulatory Factors Expression Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 2021-09-08
Show All 11 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	3 reviewed by: Verified Customer	IHC-P	Other	08/11/2014	View Summary Application Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin Sample Tested sheep tonsil Species Other

Array NB600-1422

• TNF-alpha Antibodies
• TNF-alpha Antibody Pairs
• TNF-alpha ELISA Kits
• TNF-alpha Lysate
• TNF-alpha Proteins
• TNF-alpha ELISAs
• TNF-alpha Proteins and Enzymes