| Reactivity | RtSpecies Glossary |
| Applications | WB, B/N, ELISA(Cap) |
| Clone | 45418 |
| Clonality | Monoclonal |
| Host | Mouse |
| Conjugate | Unconjugated |
| Immunogen | E. coli-derived recombinant rat TNF-alpha Accession # P16599 |
| Specificity | Detects rat TNF-alpha in ELISAs and Western blots. In ELISAs, this antibody shows less than 3% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) TNF‑ alpha and less than 0.2% cross-reactivity with rhTNF‑ alpha , rpTNF‑ alpha , and rhTNF‑ beta . In Western blots, this antibody shows 100% cross-reactivity with rmTNF‑ alpha and no cross-reactivity with rfeTNF‑ alpha . |
| Source | N/A |
| Isotype | IgG1 |
| Clonality | Monoclonal |
| Host | Mouse |
| Gene | TNF |
| Purity Statement | Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant |
| Endotoxin Note | <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method. |
| Innovator's Reward | Test in a species/application not listed above to receive a full credit towards a future purchase. |
| Dilutions |
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| Application Notes | ELISA Detection: Rat TNF-alpha Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog number BAF510) Standard: Recombinant Rat TNF-alpha (Catalog number 510-RT) |
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| Publications |
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| Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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| Buffer | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Preservative | No Preservative |
| Reconstitution Instructions | Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. |
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha ) also known as Cachectin, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily. It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development. TNF-alpha is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types (1, 2). Rat TNF-alpha consisits of a 35 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (3). Within the ECD, rat TNF-alpha shares 94% aa sequence identity with mouse and 69-76% with bovine, canine, cotton rat, equine, feline, human, porcine, and rhesus macaque TNF-alpha . The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer (4). Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte co-stimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness (5). Cleavage of membrane bound TNF-alpha by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNF-alpha (6, 7). TNF-alpha trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cell-restricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers (1, 8). TNF-alpha regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis (2). It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages (2). TNF-alpha is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders (9). It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism (10, 11).
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Secondary Antibodies |
Isotype Controls |
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Unlocking the Potential of Biosimilars in Immuno-Oncology By Jennifer Jones, M.S.Biosimilar Antibodies: Imitation Meets InnovationIn the ever-evolving medical landscape, a new class of pharmaceuticals is emerging as a game-changer, poised to transform the way we approach... Read full blog post. |
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Tired T cells: Hypoxia Drives T cell Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment By Hunter MartinezThe paradigm shifting view of the immune system being leveraged to target cancer has led to numerous therapeutic breakthroughs. One major cell group responsible for this revelation is a T cell. ... Read full blog post. |
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Immune Cell Metabolic Flux Influences Type I Diabetes By Hunter MartinezWhat is Immunometabolism?It is well established that abnormal metabolic environments can be a risk factor for disease development. One characteristic example is the role of dyslipidemia (high lev... Read full blog post. |
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Read full blog post. |
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Read full blog post. |
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Read full blog post. |
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Liver ASK1 activates autophagy to protect against hepatic fat accumulation, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. The most common chronic liver disorder worldwide is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This obesity-linked disorder can manifest as hepatic fat accumulation (steatosis) wit... Read full blog post. |
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Metabolic Syndrome: Symptoms and associated disease states By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. What is metabolic syndrome?It was 1988 when, after decades of research, Dr. GM Reaven of the Stanford University, CA, explained the relationship between four diseases:... Read full blog post. |
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Increased wild type FUS levels in ALS patients lead to a toxic microenvironment and motor neuron neurodegeneration By Michalina Hanzel, PhDFUS mutations in Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisFused in sarcoma (FUS) is a ribonucleoprotein that continuously shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to regulate pre-mRNA splicing, mRN... Read full blog post. |
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You complete me: Natural killer cells need TGF-beta inhibition to effectively combat cancers By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that were first discovered for their “natural” ability to kill cancer cells. To use NK cells as anti-cancer therapy, t... Read full blog post. |
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![IL-10 receptors expressed on hippocampal neurons.(A) Expression of IL-10 receptor mRNAs in hippocampal neurons. The expression of the IL-10 receptor was identified using RT-PCR. The mRNAs of IL-10 receptor alpha and beta were expressed in the hippocampal neurons. IL-10 receptor alpha was expressed mainly in hippocampal neurons of DIV 7. (1, cultured hippocampal neurons at DIV 7; 2, cultured hippocampal neurons at DIV 15; 3, mixed glial culture at DIV 7; 4, mixed glial culture at DIV 15; 5, microglia) Quantification (DIV 15 neuron/ DIV 7 neuron): IL-10 receptor alpha , 0.61; IL-10 receptor beta , 1.06. (B) Expression of IL-10 receptor proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. Similar to the expression of mRNA, the IL-10 receptor alpha protein was expressed mainly in neurons of DIV 7. Anti-IL-10 receptor alpha antibodies (0.5 μg/ml, Santa Cruz, sc-985) were used for western blotting [27]. Quantification (DIV 15 neuron/ DIV 7 neurons): IL-10 receptor alpha , 0.73.(C) Expression of IL-10 receptor proteins in the developing rat brains. The IL-10 receptor alpha proteins were expressed mainly in the developing brains of embryonic and early postnatal days (E18~P3). Quantification of IL-10 receptor alpha : E18, 0.30; P1, 0.27; P3, 1.0; P7, 0.22; P14, 0.20; P3W, 0.17; P6W, 0.15 (E, embryonic days; P, postnatal days).(D) Images of IL-10 receptor expressions in cultured hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal neurons of DIV 6 were stained with antibodies of IL-10 receptor alpha (5 μg/ml, Santa Cruz, sc-985) (red) and MAP2 (the neuronal marker, green) after treatment with 4% formaldehyde and then -20 °C methanol. Hippocampal neurons expressed IL-10 receptor proteins comparable to spinal neurons or cortical neurons.(E) The induction of synaptic formation by microglia was antagonized by the neutralizing antibody of IL-10 receptor alpha . When anti-mouse IL-10 receptor alpha antibody was applied to the co-culture of mouse microglia and mouse hippocampal neurons, the density of dendritic spines was significantly decreased compared with the control (without anti-IL-10 receptor antibody). Means±SEM. n=30 dendrites for no microglia without anti-IL-10 receptor antibody, 29 for the application of microglia only, 29 for no microglia with anti-IL-10 receptor antibody only, 29 for microglia with anti-IL-10 receptor antibody. ***p<0.001 by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test after application of one-way ANOVA, F=17.35, p<0.0001.(F) The induction of synaptic formation via microglia was not antagonized by the blocking antibody of TNF alpha . When anti-rat TNF alpha antibody was applied to the co-culture of rat microglia and rat hippocampal neurons, the density of dendritic spine was not decreased compared with control (without anti-TNF alpha antibody). Means±SEM. n=27 dendrites for no microglia without anti-TNF alpha antibody, 28 for the application of microglia only, 29 for no microglia with anti-TNF alpha receptor antibody only, 27 for microglia with anti-TNF alpha antibody. **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test after application of one-way ANOVA, F=9.104, p<0.0001. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24278397), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/mab510_rat-tnf-alpha-mab-clone-45418-41202412511313.jpg "IL-10 receptors expressed on hippocampal neurons.(A) Expression of IL-10 receptor mRNAs in hippocampal neurons. The expression of the IL-10 receptor was identified using RT-PCR. The mRNAs of IL-10 receptor alpha and beta were expressed in the hippocampal neurons. IL-10 receptor alpha was expressed mainly in hippocampal neurons of DIV 7. (1, cultured hippocampal neurons at DIV 7; 2, cultured hippocampal neurons at DIV 15; 3, mixed glial culture at DIV 7; 4, mixed glial culture at DIV 15; 5, microglia) Quantification (DIV 15 neuron/ DIV 7 neuron): IL-10 receptor alpha , 0.61; IL-10 receptor beta , 1.06. (B) Expression of IL-10 receptor proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. Similar to the expression of mRNA, the IL-10 receptor alpha protein was expressed mainly in neurons of DIV 7. Anti-IL-10 receptor alpha antibodies (0.5 μg/ml, Santa Cruz, sc-985) were used for western blotting [27]. Quantification (DIV 15 neuron/ DIV 7 neurons): IL-10 receptor alpha , 0.73.(C) Expression of IL-10 receptor proteins in the developing rat brains. The IL-10 receptor alpha proteins were expressed mainly in the developing brains of embryonic and early postnatal days (E18~P3). Quantification of IL-10 receptor alpha : E18, 0.30; P1, 0.27; P3, 1.0; P7, 0.22; P14, 0.20; P3W, 0.17; P6W, 0.15 (E, embryonic days; P, postnatal days).(D) Images of IL-10 receptor expressions in cultured hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal neurons of DIV 6 were stained with antibodies of IL-10 receptor alpha (5 μg/ml, Santa Cruz, sc-985) (red) and MAP2 (the neuronal marker, green) after treatment with 4% formaldehyde and then -20 °C methanol. Hippocampal neurons expressed IL-10 receptor proteins comparable to spinal neurons or cortical neurons.(E) The induction of synaptic formation by microglia was antagonized by the neutralizing antibody of IL-10 receptor alpha . When anti-mouse IL-10 receptor alpha antibody was applied to the co-culture of mouse microglia and mouse hippocampal neurons, the density of dendritic spines was significantly decreased compared with the control (without anti-IL-10 receptor antibody). Means±SEM. n=30 dendrites for no microglia without anti-IL-10 receptor antibody, 29 for the application of microglia only, 29 for no microglia with anti-IL-10 receptor antibody only, 29 for microglia with anti-IL-10 receptor antibody. ***p<0.001 by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test after application of one-way ANOVA, F=17.35, p<0.0001.(F) The induction of synaptic formation via microglia was not antagonized by the blocking antibody of TNF alpha . When anti-rat TNF alpha antibody was applied to the co-culture of rat microglia and rat hippocampal neurons, the density of dendritic spine was not decreased compared with control (without anti-TNF alpha antibody). Means±SEM. n=27 dendrites for no microglia without anti-TNF alpha antibody, 28 for the application of microglia only, 29 for no microglia with anti-TNF alpha receptor antibody only, 27 for microglia with anti-TNF alpha antibody. **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test after application of one-way ANOVA, F=9.104, p<0.0001. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24278397), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.")
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