STING/TMEM173 Antibody - BSA Free

STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is encoded by the TMEM173 gene and is an adaptor molecule involved in the activation of innate immune responses to PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and DAMPS (damage-associated molecular patterns). STING specifically recognizes cytosolic DNA products derived from pathogens (e.g., cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, Listeria monocytogenes) or dead cells (1, 2). In the STING pathway, dsDNA derived from pathogens or damaged cells serves as a substrate for the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP (3, 4). Under steady-state conditions STING (theoretical molecular weight 42 kDa), a protein localizes to the ER membrane. Upon activation by dsDNA derived second messenger (cGAMP), STING translocates to the Golgi apparatus as a homodimer. Once STING has trafficked to the perinuclear region, it activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-kB leading to the production of cytokines (e.g., type I interferon) (2, 4). Mutations in the TMEM173 gene affecting STING expression are associated with the development of the auto-inflammatory disease SAVI (STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy) (2). A novel SAVI dominant mutation in the TMEM173 human gene (V155M) leads to increased localization of STING to the Golgi and perinuclear region, indicative of an activated state (1). Hallmarks of SAVI, a rare inflammatory disease, include severe vasculitis in extremities and lung inflammation (7).

References

1. Patel, S., & Jin, L. (2019). TMEM173 variants and potential importance to human biology and disease. Genes and Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-018-0029-9

2. Jounai, N., Kobiyama, K., Takeshita, F., & Ishii, K. J. (2013). Recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns related to nucleic acids during inflammation and vaccination. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00168

3. Xiao, T. S., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2013). The cGAS-STING Pathway for DNA Sensing. Molecular Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.004

4. Kato, K., Omura, H., Ishitani, R., & Nureki, O. (2017). Cyclic GMP-AMP as an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA. Annual Review of Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044813

5. Crowl, J. T., Gray, E. E., Pestal, K., Volkman, H. E., & Stetson, D. B. (2017). Intracellular Nucleic Acid Detection in Autoimmunity. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052331

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 3 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat.

We have publications tested in 9 applications: Block/Neutralize, ELISA, FLOW, ICC/IF, IF/IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, WB, Western Blot.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 34. Show All 34 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NBP2-24683	Applications	Species
Jing X, Luo X, Fang C, Zhang B N-acetylserotonin inhibits oxidized mitochondrial DNA-induced neuroinflammation by activating the AMPK/PGC-1?/TFAM pathway in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model International Immunopharmacology 2023-03-01 (WB, IHC-P, Rat)	WB, IHC-P	Rat
Pantelidou C, Jadhav H, Kothari A et al. STING agonism enhances anti-tumor immune responses and therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibition in BRCA-associated breast cancer npj Breast Cancer 2022-09-06 [PMID: 36068244] (Western Blot, Block/Neutralize)	Western Blot, Block/Neutralize
Hoang A, Yu H, Lin Y Et al. Immune privilege of adipocyte mitochondria protects from obesity Research Square 2021-11-04 (FLOW)	FLOW
Pham AT, Oliveira AC, Albanna M et al. Non-Interferon-Dependent Role of STING Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2023-11-09 [PMID: 37942608] (FLOW, Mouse, Human)	FLOW	Mouse, Human
Varga K, Gyurina K, Radványi Á et al. Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Triggers Adipocyte Autophagy Cells 2023-09-24 [PMID: 37830559] (IHC-P, Human)	IHC-P	Human
Liu H, Ghosh S, Vaidya T et al. Activated cGAS/STING signaling elicits endothelial cell senescence in early diabetic retinopathy JCI insight 2023-06-22 [PMID: 37345657] (ELISA)	ELISA
Gong LK, Yang X, Yang J et al. Low-dose ganciclovir ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through inhibiting macrophage STING activation in mice Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022-11-17 [PMID: 36467059]
Anh Cuong Hoang, László Sasi-Szabó, Tibor Pál, Tamás Szabó, Victoria Diedrich, Annika Herwig, Kathrin Landgraf, Antje Körner, Tamás Röszer Mitochondrial RNA stimulates beige adipocyte development in young mice Nature Metabolism 2022-11-28 [PMID: 36443525]
Ding R, Li H, Liu Y et al. Activating cGAS-STING axis contributes to neuroinflammation in CVST mouse model and induces inflammasome activation and microglia pyroptosis Journal of neuroinflammation 2022-06-10 [PMID: 35689216] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Gupta U, Ghosh S, Wallace CT et al. Increased LCN2 (lipocalin 2) in the RPE decreases autophagy and activates inflammasome-ferroptosis processes in a mouse model of dry AMD Autophagy [PMID: 35473441]
Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang X et al. An alternatively spliced STING isoform localizes in the cytoplasmic membrane and directly senses extracellular cGAMP The Journal of clinical investigation 2021-12-14 [PMID: 34905508] (ELISA, WB, FLOW, Mouse)	ELISA, WB, FLOW	Mouse
Jeong SH, Yang MJ, Choi S et al. Refractoriness of STING therapy is relieved by AKT inhibitor through effective vascular disruption in tumour Nature communications 2021-07-20 [PMID: 34285232] (WB)	WB
Kim JS, Cho E, Mun SJ et al. Multi-Functional MPT Protein as a Therapeutic Agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biomedicines 2021-05-13 [PMID: 34068051]
Shmuel-Galia L, Humphries F, Lei X et al. Dysbiosis exacerbates colitis by promoting ubiquitination and accumulation of the innate immune adaptor STING in myeloid cells Immunity 2021-05-25 [PMID: 34051146] (FLOW, Mouse) Details: Flow cytometry was performed using the STING/TMEM173 antibody in mice. The flow allowed for the profiling of immune cell populations in the lamina propria (LP) and intra epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) compartments of young N153s and WT mice.	FLOW	Mouse
Inoue Y, Ayaki T, Ishimoto T et al. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is upregulated in striatal astrocytes of patients with multiple system atrophy Neuroscience letters 2021-05-24 [PMID: 34033888]
Jiang GL, Yang XL, Zhou HJ et al. cGAS knockdown promotes microglial M2 polarization to alleviate neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke Brain research bulletin 2021-03-18 [PMID: 33745949] (IHC-Fr, WB, Mouse)	IHC-Fr, WB	Mouse
Dai E, Han L, Liu J et al. Ferroptotic damage promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis through a TMEM173/STING-dependent DNA sensor pathway Nature communications 2020-12-11 [PMID: 33311482] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
He Y, Hong C, Yan EZ et al. Self-assembled cGAMP-STING delta TM signaling complex as a bioinspired platform for cGAMP delivery Sci Adv 2020-06-01 [PMID: 32582856]
Jing Y, Dai X, Yang L et al. STING couples with PI3K to regulate actin reorganization during BCR activation Sci. Adv. 2020-04-01 [PMID: 32494627] (Mouse)		Mouse
Chipurupalli S, Ganesan R, Dhanabal SP et al. Pharmacological STING Activation Is a Potential Alternative to Overcome Drug-Resistance in Melanoma Front Oncol 2020-05-14 [PMID: 32477956] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Qu, H, Li, L Et al. Epithelial Cells in Endometriosis and Adenomyosis Upregulate STING Expression. Reprod Sci 2020-06-01 [PMID: 32046461] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Yang H, Lee WS, Kong SJ et al. STING activation reprograms tumor vasculatures and synergizes with VEGFR2 blockade. J Clin Invest. 2019-07-25 [PMID: 31343989] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
S B, K S, S A et al. RAD51 interconnects between DNA replication, DNA repair and immunity. NCBI-GEO dataSets. 2017-02-18 [PMID: 28334891] (IF/IHC, Human)	IF/IHC	Human
Reinert LS, Lopusna K, Winther H et al. Sensing of HSV-1 by the cGAS-STING pathway in microglia orchestrates antiviral defence in the CNS. Nat Commun. 2016-11-10 [PMID: 27830700] (Mouse)		Mouse
Li T, Cheng H, Yuan H et al. Antitumor Activity of cGAMP via Stimulation of cGAS-cGAMP-STING-IRF3 Mediated Innate Immune Response. Sci Rep. [PMID: 26754564] (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Sun C, Schattgen SA, Pisitkun P et al. Evasion of Innate Cytosolic DNA Sensing by a Gammaherpesvirus Facilitates Establishment of Latent Infection J. Immunol. 2015-01-16 [PMID: 25595793] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: STING/TMEM173/MPYS antibody used for ICC-IF staining on methanol fixed monocyte/THP1 - derived macrophages that were infected with CMV (MOI 3) or KSHV (30 genomes/cell) for 4 hours (FIGURE 4C), and on , bone marrow-derived/BMDCs from C57BL/6 mice after in vitro infection using HSV-1/MOI3 and MHV68/ MOI 20 (FIGURE 5C).	ICC/IF	Human
Hansen K, Prabakaran T, Laustsen A et al. Listeria monocytogenes induces IFN-beta expression through an IFI16-, cGAS- and STING-dependent pathway. EMBO J 2014-08-01 [PMID: 24970844] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Chiliveru S, Rahbek SH, Jensen SK et al. Inflammatory cytokines break down intrinsic immunological tolerance of human primary keratinocytes to cytosolic DNA. J. Immunol. 2014-03-01 [PMID: 24489095] (ICC/IF, Human) Details: Human primary keratinocytes, Fig 4. STING was detected in the cytoplasm; after certain treatments STING was colocalized with DNA in the cytoplasm in specific foci. The results suggested that STING was part of a functional signalsome.	ICC/IF	Human
Olagnier D, Scholte FE, Chiang C et al. Inhibition of dengue and chikungunya virus infections by RIG-I-mediated type I interferon-independent stimulation of the innate antiviral response. J Virol. [PMID: 24478443] (WB, Human)	WB	Human
Jakobsen MR, Bak RO, Andersen A et al. IFI16 senses DNA forms of the lentiviral replication cycle and controls HIV-1 replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013-11-26 [PMID: 24154727] (ICC/IF, Human)	ICC/IF	Human
Panchanathan R, Liu H, Xin D, Choubey D. Identification of a negative feedback loop between cyclic di-GMP-induced levels of IFI16 and p202 cytosolic DNA sensors and STING. Innate Immun. [PMID: 24131791] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Horan KA, Hansen K, Jakobsen MR et al. Proteasomal degradation of herpes simplex virus capsids in macrophages releases DNA to the cytosol for recognition by DNA sensors. J Immunol. 2013-03-01 [PMID: 23345332]
Orzalli MH, DeLuca NA, Knipe DM Nuclear IFI16 induction of IRF-3 signaling during herpesviral infection and degradation of IFI16 by the viral ICP0 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. [PMID: 23027953] (ICC/IF, WB, Human)	ICC/IF, WB	Human
Furr SR, Chauhan VS, Moerdyk-Schauwecker MJ, Marriott I. A role for DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factor in the recognition of herpes simplex virus type 1 by glial cells. J Neuroinflammation. [PMID: 21838860] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Show All 34 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: Verified Customer	WB	Human	10/29/2018	View Summary Application Western Blot Sample Tested Human MDA-MB-231 cells Species Human Lot A-3 Comments Comments Performed on multiple human cancer cells with and without Sting induction. Specific band detected ~37 kDa without other non-specific bands. Primary antibody was used at 1:1000 in 5% milk in IBS-T with traditional HRP detection.

Array NBP2-24683

• STING/TMEM173 Antibodies
• STING/TMEM173 ELISA Kits
• STING/TMEM173 Lysate
• STING/TMEM173 Proteins