Measured in a cell proliferation assay using anti-IgM stimulated mouse B cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.5-3 ng/mL in the presence of a cross‑linking antibody, Mouse Anti‑Hemagglutinin/HA Peptide Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB060).
Source
Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived mouse APRIL/TNFSF13 protein
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Note
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Applications/Dilutions
Dilutions
Bioactivity
Theoretical MW
21.8 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
SDS-PAGE
23-30 kDa, reducing conditions
Publications
Read Publications using 7907-AP/CF in the following applications:
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris and NaCl.
Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Reconstitution Instructions
Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in deionized water.
Notes
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse APRIL/TNFSF13 Protein, CF
A proliferation-inducing ligand
APRIL
APRILFLJ57090
CD256 antigen
CD256
TALL2
TALL-2
TNF- and APOL-related leukocyte expressed ligand 2
TNF-related death ligand 1
TNFSF13
TRDL1
TRDL-1
tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13
tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13
tumor necrosis factor-like protein ZTNF2
tumor necrosis factor-related death ligand-1
ZTNF2
Background
APRIL (a proliferation‑inducing ligand), also known as TNFSF13, TALL2, TRDL1, and CD256, is a member of the TNF ligand superfamily (1). It is synthesized as a 32 kDa proprotein which is cleaved by furin in the Golgi to release the active 17 kDa soluble molecule (2‑4). Secreted mouse APRIL, which consists almost entirely of a single TNF homology domain, shares 85% and 95% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat APRIL, respectively (2, 3). Both APRIL and its close relative BAFF bind and signal through the TNF superfamily receptors TACI and BCMA, while BAFF additionally functions through BAFF R (2, 5, 6). APRIL binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) independently of its binding to TACI and BCMA (6, 7). The interaction with HSPGs induces APRIL oligomerization, and this augments TACI‑, or BMCA‑mediated effects (7, 8). HSPGs are also critical for the tumor growth‑promoting effects attributed to APRIL (6). APRIL can form bioactive heterotrimers with BAFF, and these circulate in the serum of patients with rheumatic immune disorders (10). TWE‑PRIL is a bioactive hybrid protein produced by gene splicing. It consists of the intracellular domain, transmembrane segment, and stalk region of TWEAK fused to the TNF homology domain of APRIL (11). TWE‑PRIL is expressed in monocytes and activated T cells and, in contrast to APRIL, is presented on the cell surface (11). APRIL enhances the proliferation and survival of plasma cells and also promotes T cell‑dependent humoral responses (2, 12, 13). In the context of autoimmune disorders, however, APRIL can inhibit pathologic humoral responses as well as disease progression (14). Its expression by CD4+ T cells inhibits the production of Th2 cytokines and allergic inflammation (15). APRIL levels are elevated in the serum during coronary artery disease (16), and it is also elevated in many cancers primarily due to expression by tumor‑infiltrating neutrophils (4, 7, 17).
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Kelly, K. et al. (2000) Cancer Res. 60:1021.
Day, E.S. et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44:1919.
Bossen, C. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:13964.
Hendriks, J. et al. (2005) Cell Death Differ. 12:637.
Schwaller, J. et al. (2007) Blood 109:331.
Ingold, K. et al. (2005) J. Exp. Med. 201:1375.
Roschke, V. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 169:4314.
Pradet-Balade, B. et al. (2002) EMBO J. 21:5711.
Benson, M.J. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 180:3655.
He, B. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:3268.
Fernandez, L. et al. (2013) Ann. Rheum. Dis. Epub Nov 24. PMID 23178293.
Xiao, Y. et al. (2011) Eur. J. Immunol. 41:164.
Sandberg, W.J. et al. (2009) Thromb. Haemost. 102:704.
Mhawech-Fauceglia, P. et al. (2008) Eur. J. Cancer 44:2097.
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