Recombinant Human PlGF Protein, CF

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the PDGF/VEGF family of growth factors that share a conserved pattern of eight cysteines (1, 2). Alternative splicing results in at least three human mature PlGF forms containing 131 (PlGF-1), 152 (PlGF-2), and 203 (PlGF-3) amino acids (aa) respectively (1, 2). Only PlGF-2 contains a highly basic heparin-binding 21 aa insert at the C-terminus (1). Human PlGF-1 shares 56%, 55%, 74% and 95% aa identity with the comparable isoform of mouse, rat, canine, and equine PlGF, respectively. PlGF is mainly found as variably glycosylated, secreted, 55-60 kDa disulfide linked homodimers (3). Mammalian cells expressing PlGF include villous trophoblasts, decidual cells, erythroblasts, keratinocytes, and some endothelial cells (1, 4-6). Circulating PlGF increases during pregnancy, reaching a peak in mid-gestation; this increase is attenuated in preeclampsia (7). However, deletion of PlGF in the mouse does not affect development or reproduction. Postnatally, mice lacking PlGF show impaired angiogenesis in response to ischemia (8). PlGF binds and signals through VEGF R1/Flt-1 but not VEGF R2/Flk-1/KDR, while VEGF binds both but signals only through the angiogenic receptor, VEGF R2. PlGF and VEGF therefore compete for binding to VEGF R1, allowing high PlGF to discourage VEGF/VEGF R1 binding and promote VEGF/VEGF R2-mediated angiogenesis (1, 4, 8, 9). However, PlGF (especially PlGF-1) and some forms of VEGF can form dimers that decrease the angiogenic effect of VEGF on VEGF R2 (3, 4). PlGF-2, but not PLGF-1, shows heparin-dependent binding of Neuropilin (Npn)-1 and Npn-2 (10, 11). PlGF induces monocyte activation, migration, and production of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF. These activities facilitate wound, bone fracture, and cardiac repair, but also contribute to inflammation in active sickle cell disease and atherosclerosis (5, 6, 8, 12-15). PlGF can also inhibit TIMP3 expression in the spleen, leading to immune triggering of hypertension (16).

We have publications tested in 5 confirmed species: Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Guinea Pig.

We have publications tested in 5 applications: Binding Assay, Bioassay, ELISA (Capture), ELISA (Standard), In Vivo.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 29. Show All 29 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using 264-PGB/CF	Applications	Species
T Matsuyama, T Tomimatsu, K Mimura, K Yagi, Y Kawanishi, A Kakigano, H Nakamura, M Endo, T Kimura Complement activation by an angiogenic imbalance leads to systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction: A new proposal for the pathophysiology of preeclampsia Journal of reproductive immunology, 2021-04-15;145(0):103322. 2021-04-15 [PMID: 33887508] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
H Nagano, C Tomida, N Yamagishi, S Teshima-Ko VEGFR-1 Regulates EGF-R to Promote Proliferation in Colon Cancer Cells Int J Mol Sci, 2019-11-09;20(22):. 2019-11-09 [PMID: 31717527] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
S Jauhiainen, JP Laakkonen, K Ketola, PI Toivanen, T Nieminen, T Ninchoji, AL Levonen, MU Kaikkonen, S Ylä-Herttu Axon Guidance-Related Factor FLRT3 Regulates VEGF-Signaling and Endothelial Cell Function Front Physiol, 2019-03-12;10(0):224. 2019-03-12 [PMID: 30930791] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Y Zhang, C Cao, J Xin, P Lv, D Chen, S Li, H Yang, C Chen, B Liu, Q Li Treatment with placental growth factor attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury PLoS ONE, 2018-09-13;13(9):e0202772. 2018-09-13 [PMID: 30212490] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
JM Gu, S Yuan, D Sim, K Abe, P Liu, M Rosenbruch, P Bringmann, K Kauser Blockade of placental growth factor reduces vaso-occlusive complications in murine models of sickle cell disease Exp. Hematol., 2018-01-11;0(0):. 2018-01-11 [PMID: 29337222] (ELISA (Capture), Human)	ELISA (Capture)	Human
X Li, QY Yao, HC Liu, QW Jin, BL Xu, SC Zhang, CT Tu Placental growth factor silencing ameliorates liver fibrosis and angiogenesis and inhibits activation of hepatic stellate cells in a murine model of chronic liver disease J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2017-04-05;0(0):. 2017-04-05 [PMID: 28378526] (Bioassay, Rat)	Bioassay	Rat
D Wu, T Lai, Y Yuan, M Chen, J Xia, W Li, G Pan, B Yuan, Q Lv, Y Li, D Li, B Wu Elevated expression of placental growth factor is associated with airway-wall vascular remodelling and thickening in smokers with asthma Sci Rep, 2017-02-21;7(0):43017. 2017-02-21 [PMID: 28220848] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Hypoxia-induced responses by endothelial colony-forming cells are modulated by placental growth factor Stem Cell Res Ther, 2016-11-29;7(1):173. 2016-11-29 [PMID: 27899144] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Li C, Gonsalves C, Eiymo Mwa Mpollo M, Malik P, Tahara S, Kalra V MicroRNA 648 Targets ET-1 mRNA and is cotranscriptionally regulated with MICAL3 by PAX5. Mol Cell Biol, 2014-11-17;35(3):514-28. 2014-11-17 [PMID: 25403488] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Hou H, Cheng S, Chung K, Kuo M, Yeh C, Chang B, Lu H, Wang H, Yu C Elastase induces lung epithelial cell autophagy through placental growth factor: a new insight of emphysema pathogenesis. Autophagy, 2014-06-25;10(9):1509-21. 2014-06-25 [PMID: 24988221] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Park , Su-Jung, Kim , Ki-Jo, Kim , Wan-Uk, Cho , Chul-Soo Interaction of mesenchymal stem cells with fibroblast-like synoviocytes via cadherin-11 promotes angiogenesis by enhanced secretion of placental growth factor. J Immunol, 2014-02-26;192(7):3003-10. 2014-02-26 [PMID: 24574497] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Tannetta D, Dragovic R, Gardiner C, Redman C, Sargent I Characterisation of syncytiotrophoblast vesicles in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: expression of Flt-1 and endoglin. PLoS ONE, 2013-02-20;8(2):e56754. 2013-02-20 [PMID: 23437230] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Goyal A, Pal N, Concannon M, Paul M, Doran M, Poluzzi C, Sekiguchi K, Whitelock JM, Neill T, Iozzo RV Endorepellin, the angiostatic module of perlecan, interacts with both the alpha2beta1 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2): a dual receptor antagonism. J. Biol. Chem., 2011-05-19;286(29):25947-62. 2011-05-19 [PMID: 21596751] (Binding Assay, Human)	Binding Assay	Human
Brave SR, Eberlein C, Shibuya M, Wedge SR, Barry ST Placental growth factor neutralising antibodies give limited anti-angiogenic effects in an in vitro organotypic angiogenesis model. Angiogenesis, 2010-10-16;13(4):337-47. 2010-10-16 [PMID: 20953695] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Patel N, Sundaram N, Yang M Placenta growth factor (PlGF), a novel inducer of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in sickle cell disease (SCD). J. Biol. Chem., 2010-03-29;285(22):16713-22. 2010-03-29 [PMID: 20351105] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Matsunaga Y, Yamazaki Y, Suzuki H, Morita T VEGF-A and VEGF-F evoke distinct changes in vascular ultrastructure. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2009-01-04;379(4):872-5. 2009-01-04 [PMID: 19126400] (In Vivo, Guinea Pig)	In Vivo	Guinea Pig
Ponticelli S, Marasco D, Tarallo V, Albuquerque RJ, Mitola S, Takeda A, Stassen JM, Presta M, Ambati J, Ruvo M, De Falco S Modulation of angiogenesis by a tetrameric tripeptide that antagonizes vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. J. Biol. Chem., 2008-10-15;283(49):34250-9. 2008-10-15 [PMID: 18922791] (Bioassay, ELISA (Standard), Human)	Bioassay, ELISA (Standard)	Human
Zhang Z, Ramirez NE, Yankeelov TE, Li Z, Ford LE, Qi Y, Pozzi A, Zutter MM alpha2beta1 integrin expression in the tumor microenvironment enhances tumor angiogenesis in a tumor cell-specific manner. Blood, 2007-11-27;111(4):1980-8. 2007-11-27 [PMID: 18042800] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)	Bioassay, In Vivo	Mouse
Lin YL, Liang YC, Chiang BL Placental growth factor down-regulates type 1 T helper immune response by modulating the function of dendritic cells. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2007-08-30;82(6):1473-80. 2007-08-30 [PMID: 17761954] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Mohamedali KA, Poblenz AT, Sikes CR, Navone NM, Thorpe PE, Darnay BG, Rosenblum MG Inhibition of prostate tumor growth and bone remodeling by the vascular targeting agent VEGF121/rGel. Cancer Res., 2006-11-15;66(22):10919-28. 2006-11-15 [PMID: 17108129] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Cianfarani F, Zambruno G, Brogelli L, Sera F, Lacal PM, Pesce M, Capogrossi MC, Failla CM, Napolitano M, Odorisio T Placenta growth factor in diabetic wound healing: altered expression and therapeutic potential. Am. J. Pathol., 2006-10-01;169(4):1167-82. 2006-10-01 [PMID: 17003476] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Moreno MJ, Ball M, Andrade MF, McDermid A, Stanimirovic DB Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a novel anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic mediator secreted by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dB-cAMP)-differentiated glioblastoma cells. Glia, 2006-06-01;53(8):845-57. 2006-06-01 [PMID: 16586492] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Nozaki M, Sakurai E, Raisler BJ, Baffi JZ, Witta J, Ogura Y, Brekken RA, Sage EH, Ambati BK, Ambati J Loss of SPARC-mediated VEGFR-1 suppression after injury reveals a novel antiangiogenic activity of VEGF-A. J. Clin. Invest., 2006-02-01;116(2):422-9. 2006-02-01 [PMID: 16453023] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
Niida S, Kondo T, Hiratsuka S, Hayashi S, Amizuka N, Noda T, Ikeda K, Shibuya M VEGF receptor 1 signaling is essential for osteoclast development and bone marrow formation in colony-stimulating factor 1-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2005-09-19;102(39):14016-21. 2005-09-19 [PMID: 16172397] (Bioassay, In Vivo, Mouse)	Bioassay, In Vivo	Mouse
Sun JF, Phung T, Shiojima I, Felske T, Upalakalin JN, Feng D, Kornaga T, Dor T, Dvorak AM, Walsh K, Benjamin LE Microvascular patterning is controlled by fine-tuning the Akt signal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2004-12-20;102(1):128-33. 2004-12-20 [PMID: 15611473] (Bioassay, Bovine)	Bioassay	Bovine
Dikov MM, Ohm JE, Ray N, Tchekneva EE, Burlison J, Moghanaki D, Nadaf S, Carbone DP Differential roles of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in dendritic cell differentiation. J. Immunol., 2005-01-01;174(1):215-22. 2005-01-01 [PMID: 15611243] (Bioassay, Mouse)	Bioassay	Mouse
Tamarat R, Silvestre JS, Le Ricousse-Roussanne S, Barateau V, Lecomte-Raclet L, Clergue M, Duriez M, Tobelem G, Levy BI Impairment in ischemia-induced neovascularization in diabetes: bone marrow mononuclear cell dysfunction and therapeutic potential of placenta growth factor treatment. Am. J. Pathol., 2004-02-01;164(2):457-66. 2004-02-01 [PMID: 14742252] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Mondal S, Stillman IE, Epstein FH, Karumanchi SA Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J. Clin. Invest., 2003-03-01;111(5):649-58. 2003-03-01 [PMID: 12618519] (Bioassay, Human)	Bioassay	Human
Oura H, Bertoncini J, Velasco P, Brown LF, Carmeliet P, Detmar M A critical role of placental growth factor in the induction of inflammation and edema formation. Blood, 2002-09-05;101(2):560-7. 2002-09-05 [PMID: 12393422] (In Vivo, Mouse)	In Vivo	Mouse
Show All 29 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Array 264-PGB/CF

• PLGF Antibodies
• PLGF Proteins
• PLGF Proteins and Enzymes
• PLGF ELISAs