| Reactivity | HuSpecies Glossary |
| Applications | Bioactivity |
| Format | Carrier-Free |
| Details of Functionality | Reaction conditions will need to be optimized for each specific application. As supplied, Parkin has negligible E3 ligase activity as determined by the lack of autoubiquitination in an in vitro assay. Parkin ligase activity is greatly enhanced by phosphorylation. |
| Source | Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human Parkin protein Met1 - Val465 |
| Accession # | |
| Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Enzymes |
| Gene | PARK2 |
| Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by Colloidal Coomassie® Blue stain. |
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| Theoretical MW | 52 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
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| Publications |
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| Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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| Buffer | Supplied as a solution in Tris, NaCl, Brij-35, TCEP and Glycerol. |
| Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by Colloidal Coomassie® Blue stain. |
The Parkin protein (encoded by the PARK2 gene) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an essential role in the removal of damaged mitochondria. Mutations in PARK2 are known to cause a form of Parkinson's disease known as autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease (AR-JP), and the mechanisms by which the defective Parkin protein contributes to dopaminergic cell death in this disease is an area of intense investigation. Reported substrates of the Parkin protein include BCL2, GPR37, MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, TOMM20, USP30, and many others. The structure of the Parkin protein (an RBR-class Ubiquitin ligase) has been reported by multiple groups. These reports showed that the ligase is folded upon itself to produce an auto-inhibited state. This auto-inhibition is relieved by interactions with PINK1 kinase, which can phosphorylate both the Parkin protein and Ubiquitin at serine residue number 65, and pS65 phospho-Ubiquitin by mechanisms that are under investigation. In vitro, the Parkin protein may be activated by treatment with recombinant PINK1, or addition of low concentrations of pS65-phospho-Ubiquitin. Parkin has been reported to generate poly-Ubiquitin chains in K6, K11, K48, and K63 linkages both in vitro and in vivo.
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Understanding Mitophagy Mechanisms: Canonical PINK1/Parkin, LC3-Dependent Piecemeal, and LC3-Independent Mitochondrial Derived Vesicles By Christina Towers, PhD What is Mitophagy?The selective degradation of mitochondria via double membrane autophagosome vesicles is called mitophagy. Damaged mitochondria can generate harmful amounts of reactive ox... Read full blog post. |
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New Players in the Mitophagy Game By Christina Towers, PhD Mitochondrial turn over via the lysosome, otherwise known as mitophagy, involves engulfment of mitochondria into double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with lysosomes. Much is al... Read full blog post. |
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Optogenetic Control of Mitophagy: AMBRA1 based mitophagy switch By Christina Towers, PhD Mitophagy in the BrainSelective autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria, known as mitophagy, has been described as a cyto-protective process. Accordingly, defects in mitophagy h... Read full blog post. |
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There's an autophagy for that! By Christina Towers, PhDA critical mechanism that cells use to generate nutrients and fuel metabolism is through a process called autophagy. This process is complex and involves over 20 different proteins, most of which are highly conserved acro... Read full blog post. |
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The role of Parkin and autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) degradation The root of Parkinson’s disease (PD) points to a poorly regulated electron transport chain leading to mitochondrial damage, where many proteins need to work cohesively to ensure proper function. The two key players of this pathway are PINK1, ... Read full blog post. |
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Parkin - Role in Mitochondrial Quality Control and Parkinson's Disease Parkin/PARK2 is a cytosolic enzyme which gets recruited to cellular mitochondria damaged through depolarization, ROS or unfolded proteins accumulation, and exert protective effects by inducing mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy). Parkin induces mit... Read full blog post. |
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PINK1 - performing mitochondrial quality control and protecting against Parkinson’s disease PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine kinase with important functions in mitochondrial quality control. Together with the Parkin protein, PINK1 is able to regulate the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria through aut... Read full blog post. |
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PINK1: All work and no fun The protein PINK1 is a mitochondrial-located serine/threonine kinase (PTK) that maintains organelle function and integrity. It not only protects organelles from cellular stress, but it also uses the selective auto-phagocytosis process for cleaning and... Read full blog post. |
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PINK1: Promoting Organelle Stability and Preventing Parkinson's disease PINK1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase (PTK) that protects the organelles from cellular stress and controls selective autophagy to clear damage. Exner, et al. were among the first to report that PINK1 deficiency in humans was linked to autosomal r... Read full blog post. |
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Novus Antibodies Highlighted in Parkinson's Disease Research Identified almost two centuries ago, Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that afflicts an estimated 4-6 million worldwide (www.parkinsons.org). The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is expected to grow considerably as the average age o... Read full blog post. |
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![Flow Cytometry: Parkin Antibody (JF82-09) [NBP2-67017] - Analysis of SH-SY-5Y cells with Parkin antibody at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black). Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody](https://images.novusbio.com/images/Parkin-Antibody-JF82-09-Flow-Cytometry-NBP2-67017-img0001.jpg "Flow Cytometry: Parkin Antibody (JF82-09) [NBP2-67017] - Analysis of SH-SY-5Y cells with Parkin antibody at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with an unlabelled control (cells without incubation with primary antibody; black). Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti rabbit IgG was used as the secondary antibody")