IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Antibody

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), also called IL-1F2, is a proinflammatory cytokine that functions in host defense following injury or inflammation (1-5). IL-1 beta is expressed by cells of the immune system such as monocytes, macrophage, neutrophils, and hepatocytes (1-3). Human IL-1 beta protein is expressed in the cytoplasm in an inactive precursor form (pro-IL-1 beta) which is 269 amino acids in length with a theoretical molecular weight of 31 kDa (1,4,6). Pro-IL-1 beta is cleaved by IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE), also called caspase-1, generating the 18 kDa mature, active protein that is secreted from cells (1,4,6). Pro-IL-1 beta is produced as a cellular response to molecular signals from pathogens and other processes termed pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). PAMPs and DAMPs signal through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to induce formation of the inflammasome (1,2). The inflammasome is a multi-protein complex made of a PRR, such as Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3), an adaptor, such as apoptosis-associated spec-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and pro-caspase-1 (1-3,5). Assembly of the inflammasome enables cleavage of pro-caspase-1 into active caspase 1, followed by secretion of activate IL-1 beta (1-3,5).

IL-1 beta binding to its receptor IL-1RI and the downstream signaling contributes to a dual pathophysiological role (3). On one hand, IL-1 beta signaling activates immune cells and drives CD4+ T cell polarization to T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, resulting in anti-tumor responses and mediation of acute inflammation (2,3). However, IL-1 beta also supports tumor growth and metastasis driven by multiple mechanisms including chronic inflammation, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and angiogenesis (3). Additionally, IL-1 beta signaling been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) (2). Mouse studies have shown regression of tumors treated with IL-1 as well as protective effects of IL-1 beta in instances of induced colitis and colon carcinoma (3). Conversely, blocking IL-1 beta has also shown promising effect in cancer treatment, especially when combined with chemotherapeutics (2,3). Approved IL-1 beta monoclonal antibody canakinumab has shown significant therapeutic promise in the treatment of DR (2). Given its multifaceted role in disease, IL-1 beta is a promising therapeutic target.

References

1. Lopez-Castejon G, Brough D. Understanding the mechanism of IL-1beta secretion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2011;22(4):189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.10.001

2. Mendiola AS, Cardona AE. The IL-1beta phenomena in neuroinflammatory diseases. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2018;125(5):781-795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1732-9

3. Bent R, Moll L, Grabbe S, Bros M. Interleukin-1 Beta-A Friend or Foe in Malignancies?. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(8):2155. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijms19082155

4. Krumm B, Xiang Y, Deng J. Structural biology of the IL-1 superfamily: key cytokines in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Protein Sci. 2014;23(5):526-538. https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.2441

5. He Y, Hara H, Nunez G. Mechanism and Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41(12):1012-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2016.09.002

6. Uniprot (P01584)

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

We have publications tested in 2 confirmed species: Mouse, Rat.

We have publications tested in 4 applications: FLOW, ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB.

Showing Publications 1 - 10 of 12. Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Publications using NBP1-42767	Applications	Species
Michael Fleischer, Rebecca D Szepanowski, Valeria Pesara, Julia Sophie Bihorac, Beatrice Oehler, Dobromir Dobrev, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Anke C Fender Direct neuronal protection by the protease-activated receptor PAR4 antagonist ML354 after experimental stroke in mice. British journal of pharmacology 2024-05-17 [PMID: 38760890]
Liu M, Liu H, Feng F et al. TRPM7 kinase mediates hypomagnesemia-induced seizure-related death Scientific reports 2023-05-15 [PMID: 37188671] (WB, Mouse)	WB	Mouse
Mavrogiannis E, Hagdorn Q, Bazioti V et al. Pirfenidone ameliorates pulmonary arterial pressure and neointimal remodeling in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation Pulmonary Circulation 2022-06-17 [PMID: 35833096] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Morikawa S, Blacher L, Onwumere C, Urano F Loss of Function of WFS1 Causes ER Stress-Mediated Inflammation in Pancreatic Beta-Cells Frontiers in endocrinology 2022-03-25 [PMID: 35399956]
Triantafilou K, Ward CJK, Czubala M et al. Differential recognition of HIV-stimulated IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion through NLR and NAIP signalling in monocyte-derived macrophages PLoS pathogens 2021-04-16 [PMID: 33861800]
Wu Z, Liu Y, Huang J et al. MiR-206 inhibits epilepsy and seizure-induced brain injury by targeting CCL2 Cytotechnology 2019-06-26 [PMID: 31243650]
Hardas SS, Sultana R, Warrier G et al. Rat hippocampal responses up to 90 days after a single nanoceria dose extends a hierarchical oxidative stress model for nanoparticle toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2013-12-18 [PMID: 24350865] (WB, Rat)	WB	Rat
Triantafilou K, Kar S, van Kuppeveld FJ, Triantafilou M. Rhinovirus-Induced Calcium Flux Triggers NLRP3 and NLRC5 Activation in Bronchial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013-07-01 [PMID: 23815151]
Fujisaka S, Usui I, Ikutani M et al. Adipose tissue hypoxia induces inflammatory M1 polarity of macrophages in an HIF-1alpha-dependent and HIF-1alpha-independent manner in obese mice Diabetologia 2013-03-15 [PMID: 23494472] (FLOW, Mouse) Details: This citation used the Biotin version of this antibody.	FLOW	Mouse
Triantafilou K, Kar S, Vakakis E et al. Human respiratory syncytial virus viroporin SH: a viral recognition pathway used by the host to signal inflammasome activation Thorax 2013-01-01 [PMID: 23229815]
Reed M. Requirement of autophagy proteins Beclin-1 and Map1-LC3b in the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection Thesis. 2014-01-01 (IHC-P, Mouse)	IHC-P	Mouse
Pilipovic I, Stojic-Vukanic Z, Prijic I et al. Propranolol diminished severity of rat EAE by enhancing immunoregulatory/protective properties of spinal cord microglia Neurobiol. Dis. 2019-11-02 [PMID: 31689515] (ICC/IF, Mouse)	ICC/IF	Mouse
Show All 12 Publications. Collapse Publications.

Images	Ratings	Applications	Species	Date	Details
Enlarge	5 reviewed by: James Xiao	Flow	Mouse	01/23/2017	View Summary Application Flow Cytometry Sample Tested Lung tissue Species Mouse Lot 34448 Comments Comments Single cells were isolated from a mouse lung graft and stained with IL-1b ab (1:00 in FACS buffer) for 30 minutes. Cells were then washed and stained with Goat anti-rabbit FITC-conjugated secondary antibody for additional 30 minutes. Cells were then washed and analyzed by flow cytometry.

Array NBP1-42767

• IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Antibodies
• IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 ELISA Kit
• IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Lysate
• IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Proteins
• IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 ELISAs
• IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Proteins and Enzymes