NLRP3/NALP3 Products

Description

NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3), Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain, or Leucine Rich Repeat and Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) (human NLRP3-isoform 2 theoretical molecular weight 118kDa) acts as a cytosolic receptor for stress-signals initiated by a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1). NLRP3 belongs to the family of NOD-like receptors, a type of pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) which participates in innate immune responses. The exact mechanisms leading to NLRP3 activation are still not fully resolved. Some proposed mechanisms for NLRP3 inflammasome activation include induced ion channel flux as exemplified by potassium efflux, sodium influx and calcium signaling, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lysosomal destabilization (2). Activation of NLRP3 induces its association with the adaptor protein Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) forming a complex that binds to Caspase-1 (1, 2). The inflammasome complex, comprised of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase 1, induces the processing of pro-IL-1beta and pro-IL-18 and release of the mature inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18 and pyroptosis (1-3).

NLRP3 is expressed in a variety of cell types such as monocytes, dendritic cells, lymphocytes and epithelial cells (3). Abnormal NLRP3 activation may occur as the result of inherited mutations and is associated with diseases such as hereditary periodic fevers (HPFs) and familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS). Additionally, abnormal NLRP3 activation is associated with a variety of diseases such as gout, obesity, atherosclerosis, Alzheimers, multiple sclerosis and type 2 diabetes (1, 3). NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by several post-translational modifications (e.g., ubiquitination, phosphorylation and sumoylation) as well as by various interacting proteins (e.g., JNK1, FBXO3, TXNIP, MARK4 and PKD) (4).

References

1. Abderrazak, A., Syrovets, T., Couchie, D., El Hadri, K., Friguet, B., Simmet, T., & Rouis, M. (2015). NLRP3 inflammasome: From a danger signal sensor to a regulatory node of oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Redox Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.008

2. Yang, Y., Wang, H., Kouadir, M., Song, H., & Shi, F. (2019). Recent advances in the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitors. Cell Death and Disease. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1413-8

3. Zahid, A., Li, B., Kombe, A. J. K., Jin, T., & Tao, J. (2019). Pharmacological inhibitors of the nlrp3 inflammasome. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02538

4. Kelley, N., Jeltema, D., Duan, Y., & He, Y. (2019). The NLRP3 inflammasome: An overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133328

Bioinformatics

Uniprot	NM_004895 Human NP_001073289 Human NP_004886 Human NP_004886.3 Human NP_899632 Human Q96P20 Human
Product By Gene ID	114548
Alternate Names	AII AII/AVP Angiotensin/vasopressin receptor AII/AVP-like AVP C1orf7 Caterpiller protein 1.1 CLR1.1 Cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1 protein Cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1 Cryopyrin Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome FCU Leucine-rich repeat-, and PYD-containing protein 3 Muckle-Wells syndrome MWS NACHT, LRR and PYD containing protein 3 NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 NALP3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 NLRP3 Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain, Leucine Rich Repeat And Pyrin Domain Containing 3 PYPAF1 PYRIN-containing APAF1-like protein 1

Research Areas for NLRP3/NALP3

Find related products by research area and learn more about each of the different research areas below.

Apoptosis
Cytokine Research

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Pyroptosis: Mechanisms mediating cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokine release By Victoria OsinskiPyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18.1,10 It is a process distinct from apoptosis and necrosis (T...    Read more.

The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Macrophage Activator & Pathology Driver By Victoria Osinski, PhDWhat is the NLRP3 Inflammasome?With its critical role in innate immunity, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome ...    Read more.

NLRP3/NALP3 - Sensing and responding to pathogen infection The inflammasome is a multi protein complex that is an important component of the innate immune response. The inflammasome is able to sense and respond to pathogen infections by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and mediating the ...    Read more.

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