pol II

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that is highly conserved between species. Three distinct catalytic (C) subunits have been identified, designated C-alpha, C-beta and C-gamma, where C-alpha and C-beta are most closely related. PKA mediates a variety of diverse cellular responses (cell growth and proliferation, ion transport, triglyceride storage and metabolism regulation, embryonic development, and gene transcription) in virtually all eukaryotic systems via phosphorylation of a wide range of downstream target proteins in both they cytoplasm and nucleus.

The NUT gene is found on chromosome 15q14 and encodes for the NUT protein which is a key component of the RNA polymerase II Mediator complex. This multi-subunit assembly is required for all RNA pol II-dependent transcriptional activation, coordinating both nuclear and mitochondrial gene transcription. The complex also includes pol II, and transcription factors TFIIA-F. It serves as a central scaffold within the pre-initiation complex (PIC) responsible for converting biological stimuli (in the form of transcription factors) into gene expression responses.