SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 594]

Alexa Fluor (R) products are provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components, or any materials made using the product or its components, in any activity to generate revenue, which may include, but is not limited to use of the product or its components: (i) in manufacturing; (ii) to provide a service, information, or data in return for payment; (iii) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (iv) for resale, regardless of whether they are resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@lifetech.com. This conjugate is made on demand. Actual recovery may vary from the stated volume of this product. The volume will be greater than or equal to the unit size stated on the datasheet.

SARS-CoV-2 Open Reading Frame 3a (ORF3a) is one of the nine downstream accessory protein open reading frames of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (1). SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is 475 amino acids (aa) with a theoretical molecular weight of 31 kDa (1, 2). The amino acid sequence alignment of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2's ORF3a has 72% sequence identity and 90% sequence similarity (3). Structurally, ORF3a is a homotetramer that is comprised of two non-covalently linked homodimers (2).

The SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a protein encodes for a Ca2+ ion channel that functions in NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome activation (3, 4). The ORF3a ion channel also functions in viral particle release as well as apoptotic and necrotic cell death (5). SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a interacts with the inflammasome component TRAF3 (TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3) which activates ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein contain CARD) ubiquitination and, in-turn, stimulates caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta (interleukin-1-beta) production and maturation (3, 4). IL-1beta activation results in cytokine production and the overproduction of cytokines referred to as a cytokine storm, a hallmark of COVID-19 (4). Additionally, high throughput screening experiments have revealed the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a binds to the human heme oxygenase (HMOX1) protein (5). HMOX1 has a role in reducing inflammation and tissue damage, both features of SARS-CoV-2 infection (5). The ORF3a-HMOX1 interaction will be worth exploring for its role in innate immune response and as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 (5).

Alternative names for SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a includes 2019-nCoV ORF3a protein, COVID-19 ORF3a, Human coronavirus ORF3a protein, ORF3a protein, SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein 3a, SARS-CoV-2 protein 3a, SARS-CoV-2 protein U274, and SARS-CoV-2 protein X1.

References

1. Michel, C. J., Mayenr, C., Poch, O., & Thompson, J. D. (2020). Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes. Virology journal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01402-12. UniProt (P0DTC3)

3. Yoshimoto F. K. (2020). The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19. The protein journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-020-09901-4

4. Oladele, J. O., Ajayi, E. I., Oyeleke, O. M., Oladele, O. T., Olowookere, B. D., Adeniyi, B. M., Oyewole, O. I., & Oladiji, A. T. (2020). A systematic review on COVID-19 pandemic with special emphasis on curative potentials of Nigeria based medicinal plants. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04897

5. Batra, N., De Souza, C., Batra, J., Raetz, A. G., & Yu, A. M. (2020). The HMOX1 Pathway as a Promising Target for the Treatment and Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 of 2019 (COVID-19). International journal of molecular sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176412

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Array NBP3-11933AF594

• SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Antibodies