>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Note
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Applications/Dilutions
Dilutions
Bioactivity
Theoretical MW
7.9 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
Publications
Read Publications using 1010-CR/CF in the following applications:
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Reconstitution Instructions
Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Notes
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant Cotton Rat CCL5/RANTES Protein, CF
CCL5
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
D17S136Enormally T-expressed, and presumably secreted
EoCP
Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine
RANTES
SISd
SIS-delta
small inducible cytokine A5 (RANTES)
small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 5
Small-inducible cytokine A5
T cell-specific protein P228
T-cell specific protein p288
TCP228T-cell-specific protein RANTES
Background
CCL5, also known as RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted), is an 8 kDa beta -chemokine that plays a primary role in the inflammatory immune response by means of its ability to attract and activate leukocytes (1-3). Human and mouse RANTES exhibit cross-species activity on human and mouse cells (4). Mature cotton rat CCL5 shares 88% aa seqeuence identity with mouse and rat CCL5 and 71%-77% with canine, feline, and human CCL5. CCL5 is secreted by many cell types at inflammatory sites, and it exerts a wide range of activities through the receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 (5, 6). Inflammatory responses can be impaired by the sequestration of CCL5 by the cytomegalovirus protein US28 (7). In humans, CCR5 binding to CCL5 inhibits the infectivity of R5 (M-tropic) but not X4 (T-tropic) strains of HIV-1 (8). The two N-terminal residues of CCL5 can be removed by CD26/DPPIV, generating a protein that functions as a chemotaxis inhibitor and more effectively blocks M-tropic HIV-1 infection of monocytes (9). Oligomerization of CCL5 on glycosaminoglycans is required for CCR1-mediated leukocyte adhesion and activation as well as CCL5’s interaction with the chemokine CXCL4/PF4 (10-12). The deposition of CCL5 on activated vascular endothelial cells is crucial for monocyte adhesion to damaged vasculature, but CCL5 oligomerization is not required for the extravasation of adherent leukocytes (13-15). CCL5 is up-regulated in breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through the attraction of proinflammatory macrophages in addition to its actions on tumor cells, stromal cells, and the vasculature (16).
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Bacon, K.B. et al. (1995) Science 269:1727.
Fischer, F.R. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1637.
Schall, T.J. et al. (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22:1477.
Appay, V. and S.L. Rowland-Jones (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:83.
Levy, J.A. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:3945.
Randolph-Habecker, J.R. et al. (2002) Cytokine 19:37.
DeVico, A.L. and Gallo, R.C. (2004) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2:401.
Proost, P. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:7222.
Appay, V. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:27505.
Proudfoot, A.E.I. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:1885.
von Hundelshausen, P. et al. (2005) Blood 105:924.
von Hundelshausen, P. et al. (2001) Circulation 103:1772.
Zernecke, A. et al. (2008) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1897.
Baltus, T. et al. (2003) Blood 102:1985.
Soria, G. and A. Ben-Baruch (2008) Cancer Lett. 267:271.
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