NOX4 is an NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide within the cell. It is primarily found in vascular cells, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts, with abundant expression in the kidney. Unlike its family members NOX1 and NOX2, NOX4 is constitutively active, producing primarily H2O2 rather than O2. This different species generated triggers NOX4-specific actions in downstream cell signaling. NOX4 regulates signaling cascades through phosphatase inhibition and also function as an oxygen sensor that regulates the KCNK3 potassium channel. NOX4 appears to be involved in a wide variety of processes from insulin regulation, apoptosis, and bone resorption, to LPS-mediated activation of NFkB. Not surprisingly, NOX4 has been implicated in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular/renal complications of diabetes.
Immunohistochemistry: NOX4 Antibody
Case, et. al. employed the NOX4 antibody in their studies to establish that NOX4 is the superoxide source in neuron mitochondria that drives angiotensin II intraneuronal signaling (1). Histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies with NOX4 antibody in transgenic mice allowed researchers to prevent chronic alcohol-induced aortic damage through administration of a superoxide scavenger (2). A French group found that NOX4 is a critical mediator of H-Ras-induced DNA damage and resulting senescence (3). In their studies, they used the NOX4 antibody to monitor levels of NADPH oxidase knockdown through small interference (siRNA). Zhang’s group used the NOX4 antibody to investigate mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and TGF-beta signaling in cancer metastasis (4). By using the NOX4 antibody as a marker of NOX4 knockdown status, they have promising data that suggests that pharmacologically targeting NOX4 may in disrupt breast cancer metastasis.
Novus Biologicals offers NOX4 reagents for your research needs including:
