Epilepsy is defined as a diverse set of neurological disorders characterized by seizures. These seizures occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Factors that may lead to epilepsy include, but are not limited to, brain trauma, gene mutations, strokes, brain cancer, and extensive drug and alcohol use. Seizures occur due to a large release of glutamate, which causes a spread of excitation throughout the brain, which propagates the electrical signal and can lead to neuronal death. Frontal lobe epilepsy is characterized by brief, recurring seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while the patient is sleeping. There are two kinds of partial seizures: simple partial seizures (that do not affect awareness/memory) and complex partial seizures (that affect awareness/memory). During the onset of a seizure, the patient with frontal lobe epilepsy may exhibit abnormal body posturing, sensorimotor tics, or other abnormalities in motor skills, as well as uncontrollable laughing or crying. About 50 million people have epilepsy, with 80% of that population located in developing countries. It is possible to control epilepsy with medicine, but many cases may require surgery in order to relieve symptoms.
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