Multiple Sclerosis

By Jamshed Arslan Pharm.D., PhD.

The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) protein is a surface, type I membrane-embedded glycoprotein that is found on a wide range of cells: T-lymphocytes, B-cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and developmentally-dependent regions specific to the brain. It interacts with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II anti-genes, serves as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receptor, and can initiate/augment early phase T-cell activation.  In immune-mediated and central nervous system (CNS) infectious diseases, CD4 indirectly mediates neuronal damage.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha, or TNF alpha antibody products are widely used in cytokine and immunology research. TNF alpha is a pleiotropic ligand which plays an essential role in apoptosis, immune system development and the inflammatory response.

Antibody suppliers, such as us at Novus Biologicals, supply a wide range of cell marker products, among them the Osteopontin antibody. Recently, the osteopontin antibody has proven useful in hepatic cancer research.

Osteopontin (OPN) is mainly expressed by the osteoblasts; its primary function is in the mineralization of bone. However, OPN is expressed to a lower degree in other areas of the body, being involved in cell adhesion, cell migration and the inflammatory response.

Supplying antibodies for neuroscience research forms an important part of our work here at Novus Biologicals. Our antibody database is represented by more than 5,600 neuroscience products covering conditions ranging from sensory systems to neurodegeneration.