Glycolysis

Hypoxia is a common feature of most tumors and is a product of rapid cell growth and poor vascularization¹. When oxygen availability is low in the tumor environment, the hypoxia inducing transcription factors (HIFs) regulate a variety of signaling programs that can affect the balance between tumor cell apoptosis² and autophagy³.  In normoxia, HIFs are bound by the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) in the cytosol where it is degraded by the proteasome, however, under hypoxia HIFs are translocated to the nucleus where they activate survival signals.

The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, or GAPDH enzyme plays an important role in the conversion of glucose for energy, catalyzing the sixth step of the glycolytic pathway. A common and widely expressed protein, GAPDH mRNA is often used as a standard in mRNA studies. GAPDH antibody products are also used as a loading control in Western blot assays. We at Novus Biologicals have 55 GAPDH antibody products on our antibody database.