Cancer

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (APE1) plays an important role in the DNA base excision repair pathway.

Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus protein (NuMA) is a cell cycle-related protein that acts as an organizer of the mitotic spindle during mitosis. It may be involved in coordinating the alignment of the mitotic spindle to the cellular polarity axis, which is a prerequisite for asymmetric cell division. NuMA is also a prominent component of interphase cell nuclear matrix; however its role during interphase is largely unknown.

Centromere protein F (CENPF) also known as Mitosin, AH antigen, and kinetochore protein CENPF, is a protein that associates with the centromere-kinetochore complex. CENPF forms both a homodimer and a heterodimer. CENPF can be found in different cellular locations depending on the stage of mitosis.

Synaptonemal Complex Protein 3 (SCP3), which is a protein present in the synaptonemal complex which is responsible for pairing, synapsis, and recombination of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Meiosis, in basic terms, is where germ cells divide to produce gametes. This is accomplished through DNA replication and two rounds of cell division.

NBS1 (Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein 1) is a component of the MRN complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) that plays important role in detecting DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and triggering the downstream cascade. DSBs can be caused by ionizing radiation, chemotherapy drugs, metabolic ROS, replication errors, programmed enzymatic activities during meiosis/V(D)J recombination, etc.

xCT is an obligate, electroneutral, membrane-bound anionic transporter responsible for regulating particular amino acid gradients via their transport through plasma membrane. The antiporter xCT superficially resembles an ion channel and preferentially catalyzes the exchange of L-cystine for L-glutamate residues in animal cells. Unlike other glutamate transporters like EAATs, xCT functions independently of an electrochemical sodium ion gradient. xCT is present in most peripheral tissues (heart, bone, liver, and testes).

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) belongs to the caveolin family of integral membrane proteins 21-24 kD in size. This family of proteins forms the structural component of the caveolar membrane in caveolae, which are the specialized domains in plasma membrane that sequester lipids and proteins.

ATG5, or Autophagy Related 5, is a protein crucial for autophagy. Autophagy is a mechanism in which dysfunctional or pathogenic cells or cellular components are degraded and sometimes recycled. This process happens when ATG5 conjugates with another protein and associates with a cup shaped isolation membrane.

Beta Actin is one isoform of a multifamily of highly conserved proteins that regulate cell motility, structure, and integrity. The ubiquitous expression of beta-actin in all eukaryotic cells makes it both a historical and heavily-used internal quantitative control for protein comparative assays, as can be seen in the scientific literature and publication records.

MMP2 is an extracellular matrix degradative peptidase enzyme that belongs to the large family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which each have different substrate specificities. Aberrant or derailed expression of various MMPs through loss of negative checks is strongly associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as compared to tightly controlled physiological processes such as tissue remodeling, rebuilding, and embryonic development.