iNOS Products

Description

Nitric oxide (NO) is a colorless, free radical gas that carries a variety of messages between cells. Vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and cytotoxicity can all be potentiated through cellular response to NO. NO production is mediated by members of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family including the two constitutive isoforms: brain, bNOS, or neuronal NOS, nNOS (type I) and endothelial cell NOS, eNOS (type III); along with the inducible isoform, iNOS (type II). NOS catalyzes the oxidization of L-arginine to produce L-citrulline and NO, requiring the cofactors calmodulin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), heme, and tetrahydrobiopterin (1).

The 131 kDa enzyme, iNOS, is found in a variety of cell types including macrophages, hepatocytes, synoviocytes, and smooth muscle cells. While constitutively expressed in kidneys, in other tissues iNOS is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), growth factors, and cytokines such as IFN-gamma, TNF, IL-1 and IL-2. iNOS is not regulated by the level of intracellular Ca2+ and is constantly active as a dimer when expressed. iNOS activity is elevated in a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis, heart failure, sepsis, solid tumors, and type 2 diabetes. Acting as a critical mediator of inflammation and apoptosis, iNOS inhibitors have been shown to alleviate obesity and stress inducted insulin resistance in mouse models (2,3).

References

1. Forstermann U, and Sessa WC. (2012) Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function. Eur Heart J. 33(7): 829-837. PMID: 21890489

2. Aktan F. (2004) iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production and its regulation. Life Sci. 75(6):639-53. PMID: 15172174

3. Cinelli MA, Do HT, Miley GP, Silverman RB. (2020) Inducible nitric oxide synthase: Regulation, structure, and inhibition. Med Res Rev. 40(1):158-189. PMID: 31192483

Bioinformatics

Entrez	18126 Mouse 24599 Rat 282876 Bovine 4843 Human
Uniprot	NP_000616 Human P29477 Mouse P35228 Human
Product By Gene ID	4843
Alternate Names	EC 1.14.13.39 Hepatocyte NOS HEP-NOS Inducible NO synthase Inducible NOS iNOS INOS nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, macrophage NOS type II NOS NOS2A Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase NOS2

Research Areas for iNOS

Find related products by research area and learn more about each of the different research areas below.

Cancer
HIF Target Genes
Hypoxia
Neuroscience
Neurotransmission

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The effects of curcumin on IKB Alpha and the NFkB signaling pathway The IKK complex, or inhibitor of NFkB kinase, is composed of IKK alpha and IKK beta.  These kinases are at the core of the NFkB signaling cascade.  The NFkB family is made up of transcription factors that are kept inactive in the cytoplasm through...    Read more.

iNOS: The Nitric Oxide Boss Nitric oxide (NO) is an inorganic, gaseous, and reactive free radical that acts as a biologic mediator in processes such as neurotransmission, vasorelaxation, and cytotoxicity. In addition, it has antimicrobial and anti-tumoral activities. NO producti...    Read more.

Toll-like receptors in the intestinal epithelial cells By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are microbe-sensing proteins that act as first responders to danger signals. TLRs help the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) recognize commensal bacteria ...    Read more.

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