Histone H3 Products

Description

Chromatin is an arrangement of DNA and proteins which form chromosomes. Chromatin is formed from nucleosomes, which are comprised of a set of four histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) wrapped with DNA. Chromatin is very dynamic, where post-translational modifications can regulate DNA to be copied, transcribed, or repaired.

Histones are nuclear proteins responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Changes in chromatin structure play a large role in the regulation of transcription. The chromatin fibers are compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures.

Common histone modifications include methylation of lysine and arginine, acetylation of lysine, phosphorylation of threonine and serine, and sumoylation, biotinylation, and ubiquitylation of lysine. Posttranslational modifications such as acetylation of core histones regulates gene expression, thus altering protein function and regulation (1). Histone H3 is primarily acetylated at lysines 9, 14, 18, and 23 and have a theoretical molecular weight of 15 kDa. Acetylation at lysine 9 and 14 appears to control histone deposition, chromatin assembly and active transcription. Methylation of arginine residues within histone H3 has also been linked to transcription regulation. Histone H3 has been linked to various types of cancer as a biomarker through the aberrant expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and changes to chromatins (2-4).

References

1. Zhang, Y. X., Akumuo, R. C., Espana, R. A., Yan, C. X., Gao, W. J., & Li, Y. C. (2018). The histone demethylase KDM6B in the medial prefrontal cortex epigenetically regulates cocaine reward memory. Neuropharmacology, 141, 113-125. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.030

2. Nandakumar, V., Hansen, N., Glenn, H. L., Han, J. H., Helland, S., Hernandez, K, ...Meldrum, D. R. (2016). Vorinostat differentially alters 3D nuclear structure of cancer and non-cancerous esophageal cells. Sci Rep, 6, 30593. doi:10.1038/srep30593

3. Zhou, M., Li, Y., Lin, S., Chen, Y., Qian, Y., Zhao, Z., & Fan, H. (2019). H3K9me3, H3K36me3, and H4K20me3 Expression Correlates with Patient Outcome in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma as Epigenetic Markers. Dig Dis Sci, 64(8), 2147-2157. doi:10.1007/s10620-019-05529-2

4. Li, Y., Guo, D., Sun, R., Chen, P., Qian, Q., & Fan, H. (2019). Methylation Patterns of Lys9 and Lys27 on Histone H3 Correlate with Patient Outcome in Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci, 64(2), 439-446. doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5341-8

Bioinformatics

Entrez	121504 Human 126961 Human 15078 Mouse 260423 Mouse 287352 Rat 3020 Human 3021 Human 314977 Rat 319180 Mouse 64627 Rat 8290 Human 8350 Human 8968 Human
Uniprot	AAI53075.1 Human NP_002098 Human NP_003520.1 Human NP_066298 Human P68431 Human P84228 Mouse P84243 Human P84244 Mouse Q16695 Human Q71DI3 Human
Product By Gene ID	126961
Alternate Names	H3 histone, family 3A H3 H3.3A H3.3B H3F2 H3F3 H3F3B H3FM HIST2H3C histone H3.3 MGC87782 MGC87783

Research Areas for Histone H3

Find related products by research area and learn more about each of the different research areas below.

Chromatin Modifiers
Chromatin Research
Epigenetics
Histones and Modified Histones
Phospho-Specific

Related Histone H3 Blog Posts

Check out the latest blog posts on Histone H3.

EZH1 has more to offer than gene repression EZH1 is part of the Polycomb-group family of proteins, which are responsible for remodeling chromatin in genes and modulating epigenetic silencing during development.  Specifically, EZHI is a component of PRC2, or polycomb repressive complex-2.  PR...    Read more.

The role of DNMT3A in development Epigenetics is the study of heritable change in gene activity despite alteration of the hosts DNA sequence.  Change in gene activity done independently of the DNA sequence is achieved by way of histone and DNA methylation.  Gene silencing in DNA ...    Read more.

The role of DNMT3B in the co-incidence of methyltransferase and tumor suppressor expression in malignancies Epigenetics is the process of heritable change in gene activity despite alteration of the hosts DNA sequence, essentially causing a change in a phenotype without a change in the genotype of a host. To change the gene sequence without interfering w...    Read more.

"Come Fly with Me" - New Drosophila Model Developed for Direct in Vivo Study of Histones Forming the major protein component of chromatin, histones are essential to the structure and organization of chromosomes, forming the nucleosome around which DNA is packaged and wrapped.Antibody studies have revealed histones undergo various posttr...    Read more.

The 'epi-genie' is Out of the Bottle: Functional Histone 3 Variants in Human Disease Discovery of histone variants using highly specific antibodies has led to the emerging notion that alterations in histone modifications and further changes in chromatin structure are induced by exchange of histone variants. Covalent histone modificati...    Read more.

Understanding the Reasons for Histone H3 K4 Trimethylation (H3K4Me3) Epigenetic mechanisms allow distinction between the active and inactive compartments of the genome, allowing proper cell lineage and embryogenesis. The trimethylation of Histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4Me3) is a common epigenetic histone modification that ...    Read more.

EZH2: Epigenetic Regulation Made Easy! Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the methyltransferase enzyme responsible for trimethylating lysine 27 on histone H3 to produce H3K27Me3. EZH2 is a polycomb group protein that is an essential epigenetic regulator that is often found deregulated i...    Read more.

Histone H3 Eukaryotic chromosomes are formed through the highly organized and structural wrapping of DNA genetic material around histone proteins into the classic "bead on a string" globular structure of nucleosomes. The histone family consists of five family me...    Read more.

Understanding Transcription with RNA Polymerase II RNA polymerase II is a large 12-subunit complex that synthesizes all mRNAs and several non-coding RNAs in eukaryotic cells. It is a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme that catalyzes transcription of DNA into RNA based on the four ribonucleoside triph...    Read more.

Article Review: Glucose-induced transcriptional regulation in cancer Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Among these, histone modifications including methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination, significantly modify gene expression. In c...    Read more.

Epigenetics of Depression: How Can Psychological Stress Alter Your DNA? By Emily Cartwright, PhDHow Can Psychological Stress Alter Your DNA? Traumatic events, work demands, relationship conflicts, and health problems are all examples of psychological stressors that can result in phy...    Read more.

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