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Brain Concussion: Disease Bioinformatics

A brain concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury, occurs when the brain experiences a major force, whether it is an impact force, in which the head experiences a direct blow, or an impulse force, in which the head snaps in one direction without a direct blunt trauma. The brain is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and a large acceleration of the brain can overcome this protective layer and result in impaired neurotransmission and a reduction in cellular metabolism and cerebral blood flow. Fortunately, however, very few concussions result in neuronal cell loss. Symptoms of a concussion are headaches, nausea and vomiting, dilated pupils, confusion, and occasionally a loss of consciousness. These symptoms can last as little as 15 minutes, but the patient still needs careful monitoring for at least several hours after the injury to ensure that the blood loss was not too severe, in which case the patient would require medical attention. The only form of treatment of a concussion is physical and cognitive rest, unless the injury is severe enough to require surgery. Once a patient experiences a concussion, they become more susceptible to subsequent brain injuries.

Top Research Reagents

We have 3135 products for the study of Brain Concussion that can be applied to Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

NB100-56565
Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for Caspase 1 in 1.0 mg/ml of HeLa lysate.  This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.Activity of Casp1 in OHT-injured and normotensive control eyes. (A) Casp1 was detected by intraocular injection FLICA660-labeled substrate (green) in vivo 24 h after injury. Bright labeling (arrows) is evident in cells in the GCL and inner nuclear layer (INL) layers of the OHT-challenged retinas, a diffuse labeling of cell processes located in the IPL. Casp1 activity is diminished in Panx1-/- (Px1-/- OHT) retinas and WT retinas treated with probenecid (WT/Pbcd) at 12 h postinjury. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00036/full), licensed under a CC-BY license.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

72 Publications
NB110-58870
Western Blot: Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase Antibody [NB110-58870] - Analysis of different tissue and cell lysates using rabbit pAb to neuron specific enolase (NSE), NB110-58870, dilution 1:5,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain, [3] rat spinal cord, [4] mouse brain, [5] mouse spinal cord, [6] NIH-3T3, [7] HEK293, [8] HeLa, [9] SH-SY5Y, and [10] C6 cells. A single band at about 47kDa corresponds to the NSE protein, seen only in extracts containing neurons ro neuronal lineage cells.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase Antibody [NB110-58870] - Analysis of mixed cortical neuron-glial cell culture from E20 rat stained with rabbit pAb to neuron specific enolase (NSE), NB110-58870, dilution 1:500 in red, and costained with chicken pAb to GFAP, dilution 1:5,000 in green. The blue is Hoechst staining of nuclear DNA. the NSE antibody labels protein expressed in neuronal cells, while the GFAP antibody stains intermediate filaments in astrocytic and certain other glial cells.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

     2 Reviews

5 Publications
NBP1-84556
Western Blot: CES2 Antibody [NBP1-84556] - Analysis in human small intestine tissue.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CES2 Antibody [NBP1-84556] - Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line A-431 shows localization to the Golgi apparatus.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

1 Publication
NBP1-86616
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CRAT Antibody [NBP1-86616] - Analysis in human testis and lymph node tissues.  Corresponding CRAT RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Western Blot: CRAT Antibody [NBP1-86616] - Analysis using Anti-CRAT antibody NBP1-86616 (A) shows similar pattern to independent antibody NBP1-86615 (B).

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-P

2 Publications
NBP1-88191
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Carbonic Anhydrase I/CA1 Antibody [NBP1-88191] - Analysis in human rectum and pancreas tissues. Corresponding CA1 RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Western Blot: Carbonic Anhydrase I/CA1 Antibody [NBP1-88191] - Comparative proteome analysis of 3xTg-AD and control samples at different stages of AD. Immunoblot analysis of most regulated hits. Soluble fractions of brain proteins were analyzed from four 2-month-old control and 3xTg-AD mice animals, respectively. Hebp1 and Glo1 levels were consistently elevated in the transgenic animals as compared to wild type controls. Ca1 levels were reduced in transgenic animals. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://elifesciences.org/articles/47498), licensed under a CC-BY license.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-P

3 Publications
NBP1-89133
Western Blot: ASRGL1 Antibody [NBP1-89133] - Analysis in control (vector only transfected HEK293T lysate) and ASRGL1 over-expression lysate (Co-expressed with a C-terminal myc-DDK tag (3.1 kDa) in mammalian HEK293T cells).Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: ASRGL1 Antibody [NBP1-89133] - Staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows localization to nucleoplasm & microtubules. Antibody staining is shown in green.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

1 Publication
NBP2-01743
Western Blot: Frataxin Antibody (1C12) [NBP2-01743] - HEK293T cells were transfected with the pCMV6-ENTRY control (Left lane) or pCMV6-ENTRY Frataxin (Right lane) cDNA for 48 hrs and lysed. Equivalent amounts of cell lysates (5 ug per lane) were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-Frataxin.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Frataxin Antibody (1C12) [NBP2-01743] Staining of COS7 cells transiently transfected by pCMV6-ENTRY Frataxin.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

H00000761-M02
Western Blot: Carbonic Anhydrase III/CA3 Antibody (4A12-1A3) [H00000761-M02] - CA3 monoclonal antibody (M02), clone 4A12-1A3 Analysis of CA3 expression in K-562.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Carbonic Anhydrase III/CA3 Antibody (4A12-1A3) [H00000761-M02] - Analysis of monoclonal antibody to CA3 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human skeletal muscle. Antibody concentration 3 ug/ml.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, ELISA, Func

5 Publications
NBP2-25162
Western Blot: Tau Antibody (2E9) [NBP2-25162] - Analysis of different tissue lysates using mouse mAb to MAP-tau, NBP2-25162, dilution 1:2,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain, [3] rat spinal cord, [4] mouse brain, [5] mouse spinal cord. Tau protein is expressed as up to 9 different isoforms of different molecular weight, and so appears as multiple closely spaced bands in the range from 48 kDa to 67 kDa in the CNS and including larger big tau forms in the PNS, visible in lane 5.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Tau Antibody (2E9) [NBP2-25162] - Analysis of cortical neuron-glial culture from E20 rat stained with mouse mAb to MAP-tau, NBP2-25162, dilution 1:1,000 in green, and costained with chicken pAb to MAP2, dilution 1:5,000 in red. The blue is DAPI staining of nuclear DNA. NBP2-25162 antibody stains perikarya, dendrites and axons of neurons, while MAP2 antibody labels only dendrites and perikarya. As a result, perikarya and dendrites appear orange-yellow, since they contain both proteins.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

5 Publications
NB100-1533
Immunohistochemistry: POMC Antibody [NB100-1533] - Representative confocal images of POMC in POMC-transfected WT and Sel1L-/- N2a cells. White arrows point to POMC-containing secretory granules, while yellow arrows point to perinuclear POMC. KDEL marks the ER. Representative data from at least 2 independent experiments are shown. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (jci.org/articles/view/96420), licensed under a CC-BY license.Flow Cytometry: POMC Antibody [NB100-1533] - Flow cytometric analysis of paraformaldehyde fixed A431 cells (blue line), permeabilized with 0.5% Triton. Primary incubation 1hr (10 ug/mL) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (1 ug/mL). IgG control: Unimmunized goat IgG (black line) followed by Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody.

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

10 Publications
NBP2-34014
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Antibody [NBP2-34014] - Analysis in human cervix, uterine and skeletal muscle tissues.  Corresponding TRH RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Antibody [NBP2-34014] -  Staining of human skeletal muscle shows no positivity in myocytes as expected.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

AF5539
Western blot shows lysates of mouse, human, and rat brain tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Contactin-3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5539) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=Contactin-3 was detected in immersion fixed bEnd.3 mouse endothelioma cell line using Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Contactin-3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5539) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the Northern-Lights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC

2 Publications
AF3398
Western blot shows lysates of Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line, Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, A20 mouse B cell lymphoma cell line, and Rat-2 rat embryonic fibroblast cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Catalase Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF3398) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=Simple Western lane view shows lysates of Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line and Raji human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for Catalase at approximately 62 kDa (as indicated) using 5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Catalase Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF3398) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC

     3 Reviews

15 Publications
NB100-2564
Western Blot: FACA/FANCA Antibody [NB100-2564] - Detection of FANC A in transfected COS1 cell lysate.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB

1 Publication
375-TL


Species Human
Applications BA

     1 Review

54 Publications
7954-GM/CF
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
NBP2-42388
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: LAMC2 Antibody (CL2980) [NBP2-42388] - Staining in human fallopian tube and liver tissues. Corresponding LAMC2 RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Western Blot: LAMC2 Antibody (CL2980) [NBP2-42388] - Analysis in A-431 cells transfected with control siRNA, target specific siRNA probe #1 and #2, using Anti-LAMC2 antibody. Remaining relative intensity is presented. Loading control: Anti-GAPDH.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

4 Publications
NBP2-58917
Western Blot: GLYAT Antibody [NBP2-58917] - Western blot analysis in human cell line RT-4, human cell line U-251 MG, human plasma and human liver tissue.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: GLYAT Antibody [NBP2-58917] - Staining of human skeletal muscle.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, IHC, IHC-P

NB300-141
Immunohistochemistry: GFAP Antibody [NB300-141] - Analysis of a rat cerebellum section stained with rabbit polyclonal antibody to GFAP, NB300-141, dilution 1:5000 in green and mouse monoclonal antibody to MeCP2, dilution 1:500, in red. The blue is DAPI staining of nuclear DNA. Following transcardial perfusion of rat with 4% paraformaldehyde, brain was post fixed for 1 hour, cut to 45 uM, and free-floating sections were stained with above antibodies. The GFAP antibody stains the network of astrocytic cells and the processes of Bergmann glia in the molecular layer. The MeCP2 antibody specifically labels nuclei of certain neurons.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: GFAP Antibody [NB300-141] - Rat neurons stained with Neurofilament Heavy antibody NB300-217 (red) and GFAP antibody NB300-141 (green).

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, ICC/IF

     12 Reviews

108 Publications
NB300-131
Western Blot: NF-L Antibody [NB300-131] - Analysis of different tissue lysates using rabbit pAb to NF-L, NB300-131, dilution 1:20,000. in green. [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain, [3] rat spinal cord, [4] mouse brain, [5] mouse spinal cord. The strong band at 68kDa corresponds to the NF-L protein.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NF-L Antibody [NB300-131] - Neurofilament (NF-L antibody) used as axon marker in WT and KO mice using immunofluorescence staining to illustrate the axon morphology of retinal ganglion cells. Central part of retina is enlarged and displayed in WT and KO mice. Scale bars are 500 micrometers for left and 200 micrometers for right. Citation: Lin Y-S, Kuo K-T, Chen S-K, Huang H-S (2018) RBFOX3/NeuN is dispensable for visual function. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192355

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

12 Publications

Related Genes

Brain Concussion has been researched against:

Related PTMs

Brain Concussion has been studied in relation to posttranslational modifications (PTMs) including:

Alternate Names

Brain Concussion is also known as Brain Concussions, Cerebral Concussion, Cerebral Concussions, Commotio, Commotio Cerebri.