The regulated translation of messenger RNA is essential for cell-cycle progression, establishment of the body plan during early development and modulation of key activities in the central nervous system. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation, one mechanism of controlling translation, is driven by cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein, CPEB. CPEB is a highly conserved, sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that binds to the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element, thereby modulating translational repression and mRNA localization. Blocking cytoplasmic polyadenylation by interfering with the CPE or CPEB prevents the translational activation and translational repression of mRNAs crucial for oocyte maturation. CPEB is synthesized during oogenesis and stockpiled in the oocyte. CPEB degradation occurs via the proteasome pathway, most likely through ubiquitin-conjugated intermediates.