TNF alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor -earing mice. It exists as a multimer of two, three, or five noncovalently linked units. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25kD Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (TNF beta, or lymphotoxin), and both proteins share the same receptors and cellular functions. TNF alpha binds and functions through the TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR receptors. It is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes - cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF alpha has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer.
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TNF-alpha Antibody
TNF alpha is being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and the AIDS Related Complex ARC). The TNF alpha antibody was used by Roth's group at the Bern University Hospital to create distinct eosinophil cytokine expression profiles in skin diseases (1). Their results suggest that eosinophils may have different functional roles related to host defense, fibrosis, and/or tumor progression. Piao et al published in Nature Cell Biology experiments using the TNF alpha antibody to analyze the tumor suppressor role of alpha catenin in E-cadherin-negative breast cancer subtypes (2). Chen’s group employed the TNF alpha antibody to study the role of scutellarin on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in hypertension (3). Nutrition studies from Baker's lab with TNF alpha antibody investigate the downstream effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on glucose and insulin homeostasis in obesity models (4). A recent TNF alpha antibody publication from Thomas et al the University of Pennsylvania's orthopedic research labs details the effects of hyperglycemia in a mechanical and biological rat shoulder joint model (5). Their results identified the presence of a chronic inflammatory response without diminished mechanical mobility.
Novus Biologicals offers TNF alpha reagents for your research needs including:
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