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Microglial Cell Activation Pathway Bioinformatics

Disease and disorder research has been conducted in relation to the Microglial Cell Activation Pathway and Inflammation, Nervousness, Alzheimer's Disease, Sclerosis, Brain Injuries. The study of the Microglial Cell Activation Pathway has been mentioned in research publications which can be found using our bioinformatics tool below. The Microglial Cell Activation Pathway has been researched in relation to Cell Activation, Cell Death, Pathogenesis, Secretion, Inflammatory Response. The Microglial Cell Activation Pathway complements our catalog of research reagents including antibodies and ELISA kits against IL-1BETA, APP, CD4, CD86, CTLA4.

Top Research Reagents

We have 10383 products for the study of the Microglial Cell Activation Pathway that can be applied to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

iNOS Antibody - BSA Free
NB300-605
Western Blot: iNOS Antibody [NB300-605] - Analysis of iNOS was performed by loading 20 ug of RAW264 whole cell lysate untreated (left lane) or stimulated with LPS at 1 ug/mL for 16 hours (right lane) and 10 uL of PageRuler Plus Prestained Protein Ladder onto a 4-20% Tris-Glycine polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and blocked with 5% Milk in TBST for at least 1 hour. The membrane was probed with an iNOS Rabbit polyclonal antibody at a dilution of 1:1000 overnight at 4C on a rocking platform, washed in TBST, and probed with a Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, HRP conjugate at a dilution of 1:1000 for 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Pico.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: iNOS Antibody [NB300-605] - Immunohistochemistry was performed on normal deparaffinized human Lung tissue.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, IB

     3 Reviews

130 Publications
NOD2 Antibody (2D9) - BSA Free
NB100-524
Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. E. U373 glioma cells were infected with HCMV Towne strain and levels of NOD1, NOD2 and GAPDH mRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR at indicated time points. F. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) at MOI of 1 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined 48 and 72 hpi. G. HFFs were infected with HCMV (Towne) strain at MOI of 0.03 or 3 PFU/cell and levels of NOD2 protein and B-actin were determined at 48 hpi. Quantitative data represent mean values (+/-SD) of triplicate determinations from three independent experiments (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, one-way ANOVA test). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092704.g001) licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Overlay of NOD2-DyLight 488 (green) with phase contrast of murine colon. Image from verified customer review.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

     1 Review

26 Publications
IL-6 [HRP]
D6050B
N/A IL-6 [HRP]N/A IL-6 [HRP]


Species Human

778 Publications
beta Amyloid Antibody (MOAB-2) - BSA Free
NBP2-13075
IHC analysis of beta Amyloid on normal mouse brain (left) and 5xFAD mouse brain (right) using DAB with hematoxylin counterstain. The MOAB-2 antibody was used at 1:20 on normal mouse brain and at 1:400 on 5xFAD mouse brain.Analysis of beta Amyloid (MOAB-2) antibody in (1) 100 pmole beta Amyloid 42, (2) 5xFAD mouse brain homogenate Repetition 1 and (3) 5xFAD mouse brain homogenate Repetition 2.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, DB, ELISA

     2 Reviews

70 Publications
CD11b Antibody - BSA Free
NB110-89474
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CD11b Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-89474] - Raw264.7 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with CD11b Antibody (NB110-89474) at 1ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CD11b Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-89474] - Raw264.7 cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with CD11b Antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (NB110-89474AF488) at 5 ug/ml for 1 hour at room temperature. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     12 Reviews

114 Publications
Tau Antibody (2E9)
NBP2-25162
Western Blot: Tau Antibody (2E9) [NBP2-25162] - Analysis of different tissue lysates using mouse mAb to MAP-tau, NBP2-25162, dilution 1:2,000 in green: [1] protein standard (red), [2] rat brain, [3] rat spinal cord, [4] mouse brain, [5] mouse spinal cord. Tau protein is expressed as up to 9 different isoforms of different molecular weight, and so appears as multiple closely spaced bands in the range from 48 kDa to 67 kDa in the CNS and including larger big tau forms in the PNS, visible in lane 5.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Tau Antibody (2E9) [NBP2-25162] - Analysis of cortical neuron-glial culture from E20 rat stained with mouse mAb to MAP-tau, NBP2-25162, dilution 1:1,000 in green, and costained with chicken pAb to MAP2, dilution 1:5,000 in red. The blue is DAPI staining of nuclear DNA. NBP2-25162 antibody stains perikarya, dendrites and axons of neurons, while MAP2 antibody labels only dendrites and perikarya. As a result, perikarya and dendrites appear orange-yellow, since they contain both proteins.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

5 Publications
B7-2/CD86 Antibody (BU63)
NBP2-25208
Knockout Validated: B7-2/CD86 Antibody (BU63) [NBP2-25208] - Western blot shows lysates of Ramos human Burkitt's lymphoma parental cell line and B7-2 knockout (KO) Ramos cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1.0 ug/mL of Mouse Anti-Human B7-2 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # NBP2-25208) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog #HAF018). Specific band was detected for B7-2 at approximately 90 kDa (as indicated) in the parental Ramos cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout Ramos cell line. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.Immunohistochemistry: B7-2/CD86 Antibody (BU63) [NBP2-25208] - Macrophage polarization states. Distribution and proportion of CD86+ macrophages (brown) were identified using IHC procedures. Intensity for the color response to antibodies was visible in lung tissues from all groups. Population proportions for the stained cells as shown by red arrows were calculated as a fold change of the control. (d). The results were expressed as Mean +/- SD (n = 3). **: a p-value of < 0.01 vs NS, OVA/BUD and OVA/PCI except the number of CD86+ cells in OVA/PCI group. #: P < 0.05 vs NS and ##; P < 0.01 vs either NS or OVA/BUD group. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-020-1322-5) licensed under a CC-BY license.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

27 Publications
CD45 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF114
CD45 was detected in immersion fixed RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line (positive staining) and Neuro‑2A mouse neuroblastoma cell line (negative staining) using Goat Anti-Mouse CD45 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF114) at 5 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; <a class= CD45 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of mouse liver using Goat Anti-Mouse CD45 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF114) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Goat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Mouse
Applications WB, Flow, IHC

     1 Review

70 Publications
ICAM-1/CD54 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF796
ICAM-1/CD54 was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse testis using Goat Anti-Mouse ICAM-1/CD54 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF796) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # <a class=Increased stress kinase signaling and JNK pathway-dependent cytokine and chemokine production by primary keratinocytes lacking BRAF and RAF1.(A) Reduced ERK phosphorylation and increased JNK/p38 activation in primary delta / delta ep2 keratinocytes stimulated with EGF and/or TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min. (B) Increased cytokine and chemokine production in primary delta / delta ep2 keratinocytes treated with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 24 hr. Cytokine and chemokine production was determined by multiplex analysis, except for TSLP which was quantified by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SEM of 3–5 biological replicates. (C–D) Cells were pretreated with D-JNKI1 inhibitors prior to stimulation with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min (C) or 24 hr (D). Data represent the mean ± SEM of technical replicates (n = 3). (E–F) Effect of shRNA-mediated Mlk3 silencing on ERK and JNK phosphorylation and ICAM1 expression (E; stimulation with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min) and on the expression of Ccl2 and Tslp mRNA (F; stimulation with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 24 hr) by F/F2 and delta / delta ep2 keratinocytes. shRen, shRNA targeting Renilla, used as a control; sh1 and sh2, targeting Mlk3, binding sites nucleotide 2266–2285 and 2383–2402, respectively. The shRNAs were encoded by lentiviral vectors coexpressing GFP. GFP immunoblots are shown to confirm similar levels of infection in all samples. Data represent mean ± SEM of 4 biological replicates. Each keratinocyte culture represents a pool of three mice. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. p1 = 0.041, p2 = 0.040, p3 = 1.89E-4, p4 = 0.018, p5 = 0.046, p6 = 0.020, p7 = 0.008, p8 = 0.016, p9 = 0.001, p10 = 0.018, p11 = 3.23E-4, p12 = 1.47E-4, p13 = 0.007, p14 = 0.03, p15 = 0.035, p16 = 0.023 and p17 = 0.046.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14012.018Compound knockdown (KD2) of BRAF and RAF1 induce the expression of inflammation markers by HaCat cells in a MLK3/JNK-dependent manner.(A) Reduced ERK and increased JNK/p38 activation in BRAF and RAF1 knockdown (KD2) HaCat cells stimulated with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min. (B) D-JNKI1 reduces ICAM1 and CCL2 (n = 4) expression in KD2 cells treated with TNF alpha . (C) MEKi induces ICAM1 and CCL2 (n = 3) expression in RAF1KD cells treated with TNF alpha . In (B–C), ICAM1 expression was measured after a 3 hr, CCL2 expression after a 24 hr treatment with TNF alpha . (D) Effect of MLK3 silencing on ERK and JNK phosphorylation in WT and KD2 cells stimulated as in (A). MLK3 was silenced using a pool of oligonucleotides targeting the following regions: 686–704; 1489–1507; 2122–2138; and 2348–2366. MLK3 KD cells stimulated as in (B–C) show a decrease in JNK activation, ICAM1 and CCL2 (n = 7) expression. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. qPCR data represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments run in duplicates (p1 = 4.62E-4, p2 = 0.013, p3 = 0.050, p4 = 8.60E-8, p5 = 0.050, p6 = 0.001, p7 = 0.001 and p8 = 0.012).DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14012.019 Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://elifesciences.org/articles/14012), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Goat Polyclonal
Species Mouse
Applications WB, IHC, AdBlk

     6 Reviews

88 Publications
EphB2 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF467
Western blot shows 25 ng of Recombinant Human EphB2 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class=COLO 205 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line was stained with Goat Anti-Human/Mouse EphB2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF467, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Goat Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     5 Reviews

62 Publications
ERK2 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF1230
Western blot shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line, MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, PC-12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line, and NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.1 µg/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat ERK2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1230) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # <a class= ERK2 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast using Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat ERK2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1230) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rabbit IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # <a class=

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, IHC, KO

3 Publications
CTLA-4 [Unconjugated]
7268-CT
Recombinant Human CTLA-4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 7268-CT) inhibits IL-2 secretion by stimulated Jurkat human acute Tcell leukemia cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.03-0.15 μg/mL whenstimulated with 1 μg/mL Recombinant Human B7‑1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # <a class=


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
IL-4 [Unconjugated]
6507-IL/CF
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 0.05-0.2 ng/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

3 Publications
IFN-gamma [Unconjugated]
285-IF
Recombinant Human IFN-gamma (Catalog # 285-IF) has a molecular weight (MW) of 34.9 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homodimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human IFN-gamma was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 17 kDa.


Species Human
Applications BA

     2 Reviews

455 Publications
TNF-alpha [Unconjugated]
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210-TA) has a molecular weight (MW) of 53.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homotrimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

818 Publications
IL-10 [Biotin]
DY417
N/A IL-10 [Biotin]


Species Mouse
Applications ELISA

302 Publications
ISYNA1 Antibody
NBP2-47415
Western Blot: ISYNA1 Antibody [NBP2-47415] - Lane 1: Marker [kDa] 250, 130, 100, 70, 55, 35, 25, 15, 10<br/>Lane 2: Human cell line HEK 293Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: ISYNA1 Antibody [NBP2-47415] - Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line HEK 293 shows localization to nucleus & cytosol.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

CD4 Antibody - BSA Free
NBP1-19371
Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - Increased CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell occurrence in the brainstem of SHR-72 transgenic rat model for tauopathies. (A-D) Immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. (E- H) Immunofluorescence staining showed more perivascular than brain parenchyma infiltrating CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217216.Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - DBZ inhibits the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and Th2 differentiation in the AAAs. (B) The representation of immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ in abdominal aorta from four groups (left). Bar graphs show the percentage of CD4+ positive cell areas (right; n=3 per group). Bar: 50 um.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     9 Reviews

50 Publications
HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free
NBP2-79843
Western Blot: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Western Blot Analysis of Ramos cell lysate using HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R).Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: HLA DQ/DR/DP Antibody (HLA-Pan/2967R) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-79843] - Immunofluorescence staining of PFA-fixed Ramos cells. HLA DQ/DR/DP Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (HLA DQ/DR/DP/2967R) followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-CF488 (green). Nuclei stained with RedDot.

Rabbit Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ELISA, Flow