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Antigenic Variation Pathway Bioinformatics

Disease and disorder research has been conducted in relation to the Antigenic Variation Pathway and Infective Disorder, Malaria, Influenza, Lyme Disease, Malaria, Falciparum. The study of the Antigenic Variation Pathway has been mentioned in research publications which can be found using our bioinformatics tool below. The Antigenic Variation Pathway has been researched in relation to Immune Response, Virulence, Pathogenesis, Gene Conversion, Dna Repair. The Antigenic Variation Pathway complements our catalog of research reagents including antibodies and ELISA kits against MSP2, VSP, APC, STS, CD4.

Top Research Reagents

We have 4599 products for the study of the Antigenic Variation Pathway that can be applied to Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits.

CD36 Antibody - BSA Free
NB400-144
Immunohistochemistry: CD36 Antibody [NB400-144] - Timp4-deficiency results in defective lipid digestion and absorption. (B) Immunostaining for CD36 in small intestine (proximal region) of chow-fed and HFD-fed WT and Timp4-/- mice. Western blot (C) and mRNA (D) for CD36 in enterocyte fraction of chow-fed and HFD-fed WT and Timp4-/- mice (collected from the proximal small intestine). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05951-4), licensed under a CC-BY license.Western Blot: CD36 Antibody [NB400-144] - Total protein from Human Skin and Adipose tissue, Mouse Adipose and Rat Adipose tissue was separated on a 12% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. The membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/ml anti-CD36 in 5% non-fat milk in TBST and detected with an anti-rabbit HRP secondary antibody using chemiluminescence.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     9 Reviews

130 Publications
CD77 Synthase Antibody
NBP1-62583
Western Blot: CD77 Synthase Antibody [NBP1-62583] - THP-1 cell lysate, concentration 0.2-1 ug/ml.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB

2 Publications
RPLP1 Antibody
NBP1-81293
Western Blot: RPLP1 Antibody [NBP1-81293] - Analysis in HeLa cells transfected with control siRNA, target specific siRNA probe #1 and #2. Remaining relative intensity is presented. Loading control: Anti-GAPDH.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: RPLP1 Antibody [NBP1-81293] - Staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows localization to cytosol & endoplasmic reticulum. Antibody staining is shown in green.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

AKAP4 Antibody
NBP1-89165
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: AKAP4 Antibody [NBP1-89165] - Staining of human colon.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: AKAP4 Antibody [NBP1-89165] - Staining of human endometrium shows low expression as expected.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

1 Publication
Steroid sulfatase Antibody
NBP1-90095
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Steroid sulfatase Antibody [NBP1-90095] - Staining of human placenta shows high expression.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Steroid sulfatase Antibody [NBP1-90095] - Staining of human pancreas shows low expression as expected.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

3 Publications
Perforin Antibody (CB5.4) - BSA Free
NBP1-97512
Western Blot: Perforin Antibody (CB5.4) [NBP1-97512] - Detection of perforin in the mouse T cell clone B6.1. (lane 1). Absence of perforin in the mouse fibroblast cell line NIH.3T3 (lane 2). The protein migrates as a 66 kDa species. Method: Cell extracts from the T cell clone B6.1 (2x10^6) were resolved by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, transferred to nitrocellulose and probed with the CB5.4 antibody at 1 ug/ml. Proteins were visualized using a peroxidase-conjugated antibody to rat IgG and a chemiluminescence detection system.

Rat Monoclonal
Species Mouse
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

7 Publications
Protamine 1 Antibody
NBP2-30949
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Protamine 1 Antibody [NBP2-30949] - Staining in human testis and endometrium tissues.. Corresponding PRM1 RNA-seq data are presented for the same tissues.Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Protamine 1 Antibody [NBP2-30949] - Staining of human kidney shows no positivity in cells in tubules as expected.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications IHC, IHC-P

ICAM-1/CD54 Antibody [Unconjugated]
AF796
ICAM-1/CD54 was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse testis using Goat Anti-Mouse ICAM-1/CD54 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF796) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # <a class=Increased stress kinase signaling and JNK pathway-dependent cytokine and chemokine production by primary keratinocytes lacking BRAF and RAF1.(A) Reduced ERK phosphorylation and increased JNK/p38 activation in primary delta / delta ep2 keratinocytes stimulated with EGF and/or TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min. (B) Increased cytokine and chemokine production in primary delta / delta ep2 keratinocytes treated with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 24 hr. Cytokine and chemokine production was determined by multiplex analysis, except for TSLP which was quantified by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SEM of 3–5 biological replicates. (C–D) Cells were pretreated with D-JNKI1 inhibitors prior to stimulation with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min (C) or 24 hr (D). Data represent the mean ± SEM of technical replicates (n = 3). (E–F) Effect of shRNA-mediated Mlk3 silencing on ERK and JNK phosphorylation and ICAM1 expression (E; stimulation with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min) and on the expression of Ccl2 and Tslp mRNA (F; stimulation with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 24 hr) by F/F2 and delta / delta ep2 keratinocytes. shRen, shRNA targeting Renilla, used as a control; sh1 and sh2, targeting Mlk3, binding sites nucleotide 2266–2285 and 2383–2402, respectively. The shRNAs were encoded by lentiviral vectors coexpressing GFP. GFP immunoblots are shown to confirm similar levels of infection in all samples. Data represent mean ± SEM of 4 biological replicates. Each keratinocyte culture represents a pool of three mice. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. p1 = 0.041, p2 = 0.040, p3 = 1.89E-4, p4 = 0.018, p5 = 0.046, p6 = 0.020, p7 = 0.008, p8 = 0.016, p9 = 0.001, p10 = 0.018, p11 = 3.23E-4, p12 = 1.47E-4, p13 = 0.007, p14 = 0.03, p15 = 0.035, p16 = 0.023 and p17 = 0.046.DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14012.018Compound knockdown (KD2) of BRAF and RAF1 induce the expression of inflammation markers by HaCat cells in a MLK3/JNK-dependent manner.(A) Reduced ERK and increased JNK/p38 activation in BRAF and RAF1 knockdown (KD2) HaCat cells stimulated with EGF, TNF alpha and IL1 beta for 15 min. (B) D-JNKI1 reduces ICAM1 and CCL2 (n = 4) expression in KD2 cells treated with TNF alpha . (C) MEKi induces ICAM1 and CCL2 (n = 3) expression in RAF1KD cells treated with TNF alpha . In (B–C), ICAM1 expression was measured after a 3 hr, CCL2 expression after a 24 hr treatment with TNF alpha . (D) Effect of MLK3 silencing on ERK and JNK phosphorylation in WT and KD2 cells stimulated as in (A). MLK3 was silenced using a pool of oligonucleotides targeting the following regions: 686–704; 1489–1507; 2122–2138; and 2348–2366. MLK3 KD cells stimulated as in (B–C) show a decrease in JNK activation, ICAM1 and CCL2 (n = 7) expression. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. qPCR data represent mean ± SEM of three independent experiments run in duplicates (p1 = 4.62E-4, p2 = 0.013, p3 = 0.050, p4 = 8.60E-8, p5 = 0.050, p6 = 0.001, p7 = 0.001 and p8 = 0.012).DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14012.019 Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://elifesciences.org/articles/14012), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Goat Polyclonal
Species Mouse
Applications WB, IHC, AdBlk

     6 Reviews

88 Publications
TNF-alpha [Unconjugated]
210-TA
Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210-TA) has a molecular weight (MW) of 53.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homotrimer.  MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).Recombinant Human TNF-alpha (Catalog # 210‑TA) induces cytotoxicity in the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D. The ED<sub>50</sub> for this effect is 25‑100 pg/mL.


Species Human
Applications BA

     3 Reviews

820 Publications
Glycophorin A Antibody (R10) [Unconjugated]
MAB1228
TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cell line was stained with Mouse Anti-Human Glycophorin A Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1228, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # <a class=Glycophorin A was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human lung using Mouse Anti-Human Glycophorin A Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1228) at 1.7 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Mouse HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # <a class=

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human
Applications Flow, IHC, IP

5 Publications
PMEL17/SILV Antibody (HMB45)
NBP2-44520
Western Blot: PMEL17/SILV Antibody (HMB45) [NBP2-44520] - Western Blot Analysis of COLO-38 cell lysate using PMEL17/SILV antibody (HMB45).Immunohistochemistry: PMEL17/SILV Antibody (HMB45) [NBP2-44520] - PMEL17 (red) was detected in human skin (melanoma) using PMEL17-PE antibody (1:200) in PBS for 1 hour. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Image from a verified customer review. Image using the PE format of this antibody.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Canine (Negative), Rat (Negative)
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

8 Publications
CD4 Antibody - BSA Free
NBP1-19371
Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - Increased CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell occurrence in the brainstem of SHR-72 transgenic rat model for tauopathies. (A-D) Immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. (E- H) Immunofluorescence staining showed more perivascular than brain parenchyma infiltrating CD4+ T-cells in SHR-72 transgenic animals. PLoS One. 2019 May 23;14(5):e0217216. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217216.Immunohistochemistry: CD4 Antibody [NBP1-19371] - DBZ inhibits the accumulation of CD4+ T cells and Th2 differentiation in the AAAs. (B) The representation of immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ in abdominal aorta from four groups (left). Bar graphs show the percentage of CD4+ positive cell areas (right; n=3 per group). Bar: 50 um.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Simple Western, Flow

     9 Reviews

50 Publications
SUR1 Antibody (S289-16)
NBP2-59320
Western Blot: SUR1 Antibody (S289-16) [NBP2-59320] - Western Blot analysis of Rat Brain Membrane showing detection of ~160 kDa SUR1 protein using Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone S289-16 (NBP2-59320). Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder. Lane 2: Rat Brain Membrane. Load: 15 ug. Block: 2% BSA and 2% Skim Milk in 1X TBST. Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody (NBP2-59320) at 1:200 for 16 hours at 4C. Secondary Antibody: Goat Anti-Mouse IgG: HRP at 1:1000 for 1 hour RT. Color Development: ECL solution for 6 min in RT. Predicted/Observed Size: ~160 kDa.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: SUR1 Antibody (S289-16) [NBP2-59320] - Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis using Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone S289-16 (NBP2-59320). Tissue: Neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Species: Human. Fixation: 4% PFA for 15 min. Primary Antibody: Mouse Anti-SUR1 Monoclonal Antibody (NBP2-59320) at 1:50 for overnight at 4C with slow rocking. Secondary Antibody: AlexaFluor 488 at 1:1000 for 1 hour at RT. Counterstain: Phalloidin-iFluor 647 (red) F-Actin stain; Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain at 1:800, 1.6mM for 20 min at RT. (A) Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain. (B) Phalloidin-iFluor 647 (red) F-Actin stain. (C) SUR1 Antibody (D) Composite.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     2 Reviews

4 Publications
Glutamine Synthetase Antibody
NB110-41404
Western Blot: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Analysis of glutamine synthase. 40ug of lysates from mouse (Lanes M), rat (Lane R), pig (Lane P), bovine (Lane B), or human (Lane Hu) retina were probed. A 42 kDa band was identified in lysates from retinas of all species.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [NB110-41404] - Immunofluorescence using NB110-41404. Submitted via verified customer review.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     1 Review

11 Publications
APC Antibody - BSA Free
NB100-91662
Western Blot: APC Antibody [NB100-91662] - Lane1:Hela cell lysate. Lane2:HEK293T cell lysate. Lane3:Rat testis tissue lysate. Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: APC Antibody [NB100-91662] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.05% Triton-X100. The cells were incubated with anti-APC Antibody at 2 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, Flow, ICC/IF

2 Publications
Rad51 Antibody (14B4)
NB100-148
Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - eIF3f facilitates hMSH4 stabilization. Western blotting analysis of the levels of HDAC3, hRad51, and VBP1 expression in 293T, 293T/eIF3f, and 293T/eIF3f-hMSH4 cells. 293T/eIF3f-hMSH4 cells treated with 1 or 10 Gy IR were fractionated at 6 hrs post-treatment and the levels of hMSH4 and eIF3f in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were determined by immunoblotting. Alpha-tubulin was used as a marker for the cytoplasmic fraction. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-4598-12-51) licensed under a CC-BY license.Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - HCC1937 (human immortalized breast cancer) cells treated with PARPi for 96 h. Nuclei are stained in blue (DAPI) and RAD51 in red. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.

Mouse Monoclonal
Species Human, Mouse, Rat
Applications WB, ICC/IF, IHC

     5 Reviews

66 Publications
NUCKS1 Antibody
NB100-74635
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NUCKS1 Antibody [NB100-74635] - Detection of human NUCKS by immunohistochemistry. Sample: FFPE section of human breast carcinoma. Antibody: Affinity purified rabbit anti- NUCKS (NB100-74635). Detection: DABImmunoprecipitation: NUCKS1 Antibody [NB100-74635] - Whole cell lysate (1.0 mg per IP reaction; 20% of IP loaded) from HeLa cells prepared using NETN lysis buffer. Antibodies: NUCKS1 antibody NB100-74635 used for IP at 3 ug per reaction. NUCKS was also immunoprecipitated by NUCKS1 antibody NB100-74634. For blotting immunoprecipitated NUCKS, NB100-74635 was used at 1 ug/ml. Detection: Chemiluminescence with an exposure time of 30 seconds.

Rabbit Polyclonal
Species Human
Applications WB (-), IHC, IHC-P