Vimentin Products

Description

Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament (IF) protein, encoded by the VIM gene, that plays an essential role in cytoskeletal function and is largely expressed by mesenchymal cell such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells (1). Human vimentin monomer protein is 466 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight of ~54 kDa (2). Vimentin protein contains a central rod domain composed of four alpha-helices which is flanked by an N-terminal head domain and C-terminal tail domain (1,3). Vimentin monomers dimerize to form more complex structures resulting in the assembly of eight tetramers, referred to as unit-length filaments, which then assemble into full-length intermediate filaments that are 10-12 nm wide (1,3,4).

Activated macrophages have been shown to secrete phosphorylated vimentin which can be stimulated by a variety of pathophysiological factors including oxidized low-density lipoproteins and TNF-alpha or inhibited by IL-10 (1). The vimentin protein is often expressed at the cell surface playing a role in cell-cell interactions, tissue damage and repair, immune response, and pathogen recognition (1). Vimentin functions in many cytoskeletal processes including cell migration, which is highlighted by its upregulation during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (4,5). Vimentin is a commonly used marker for EMT and is expressed by many tumor types (5). For example, high metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinomas also showed high vimentin positive expression in immunohistochemical staining analysis (5). A number of vimentin targeting compounds are in cancer-related clinical trials, however, given the multifunctional role of vimentin, the effect of inhibition on non-malignant cells needs to be thoroughly examined (5).

References

1. Ramos, I., Stamatakis, K., Oeste, C. L., & Perez-Sala, D. (2020). Vimentin as a Multifaceted Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Infections. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134675

2. Uniprot (P08670)

3. Morrow, C. S., & Moore, D. L. (2020). Vimentin's side gig: Regulating cellular proteostasis in mammalian systems. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.). https://doi.org/10.1002/cm.21645

4. van Bodegraven, E. J., & Etienne-Manneville, S. (2020). Intermediate filaments against actomyosin: the david and goliath of cell migration. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.006

5. Strouhalova, K., Prechova, M., Gandalovicova, A., Brabek, J., Gregor, M., & Rosel, D. (2020). Vimentin Intermediate Filaments as Potential Target for Cancer Treatment. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010184

Bioinformatics

Entrez	22352 Mouse 7431 Human 81818 Rat
Uniprot	AAH30573 Human NP_003371 Human NP_003371.2 Human P08670 Human
Product By Gene ID	7431
Alternate Names	epididymis secretory sperm binding protein FLJ36605 VIM vimentin

Research Areas for Vimentin

Find related products by research area and learn more about each of the different research areas below.

Cancer
Cellular Markers
Cytoskeleton Markers
Growth and Development
Hypoxia
Neuronal Cell Markers
Neuronal Stem Cell Markers
Neuroscience
Phospho-Specific
Signal Transduction
Stem Cell Markers

Related Vimentin Blog Posts

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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Markers Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is the trans-differentiation of stationary epithelial cells into motile mesenchymal cells. During EMT, epithelial cells lose their junctions and apical-basal polarity, reorganize their cytoskeleton, undergo a...    Read more.

Alpha-smooth muscle actin and the modulation of endothelial and epithelial cell biology Actin is essential for a wide range of cell functions, ranging from cell division and chromatin remodeling to vesicle trafficking and maintenance of cellular structure. In fact, mislocalization of actin to cell junctions during development leads t...    Read more.

The use of actin as a loading control in research on fruiting-body development and vegetative growth in Sordaria macrospora research Sordaria macrospora is a filamentous fungus that serves as very useful system for scientific research due to a short life cycle and easy manipulation.  Just like any other model organism, it is important to have an effective loading control to va...    Read more.

The use of Beta Actin (AC-15) as a loading control across multiple species Actin is a fundamental component of the cytoskeleton, where it has the ability to create and break down actin filament formation in response to various cell needs.  Actin has six highly conserved isoforms, however beta and gamma actin are the two...    Read more.

ZMPSTE24 Mutations, Lamin A Processing & Laminopathies ZMPSTE24 (FACE-1, CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog) is a membrane associated zinc metalloprotease of the peptidase M48A family. It's catalytic activity can be defined as the peptide bond hydrolyzed in the sequence -C-|-A-A-X in which C is an S-isoprenyl...    Read more.

Vimentin Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis & Cataracts Research Vimentin is a 57kDa type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that is the major cytoskeletal component of mesenchymal cells and the first to be expressed during cell differentiation. It plays a significant role in supporting and anchoring the positi...    Read more.

Vimentin as a Marker for Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in the induction of cell motility and increased survival both under physiological situations like wound healing or development, as well as in malignant cells undergoing invasion and metast...    Read more.

Vimentin in Wound Healing Vimentin is a fundamental 10 nm type III intermediate filament (IF) protein found in many mesenchymal and epithelia tissues, tissue culture cells, and developing neuronal and astrocytic precursor cells of the central nervous system. It frequently co-p...    Read more.

Vimentin: Regulating EMT and Cancer Vimentin, a member of the intermediate filament (IF) family, is a protein responsible for maintaining cellular integrity and reducing damage caused by stress. The vimentin protein is ubiquitously expressed in normal mesenchymal cells, and recent resea...    Read more.

Stemness is responsible for onset and metastasis of colorectal cancer By Jamshed Arslan, Pharm. D., PhD. Colorectal cancer stem cells are a rare subpopulation of colorectal cancer cells that can self-renew and initiate and sustain tumor growth when transplanted into an animal host.1,2 C...    Read more.

Antibody treatment can generate microglia-like cells from bone marrow By Jennifer Sokolowski, MD, PhD.Microglia play important roles in the brain in both homeostatic and pathological conditions, acting to clear debris and dying cells. There is evidence to suggest that microglial dys...    Read more.

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Taking Biomarker Discovery From 2D to 3D: Increased Biological Activity of EVs Isolated From 3D Prostate Cancer Cultures Jamshed Arslan, Pharm D, PhD Tissues within the human body are made of a three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of cells working together to perform vital functions. The commonly used 2D monolayer cultures have limited ...    Read more.

CD63: is it pro-metastatic or anti-metastatic? CD63 is a type II membrane protein belonging to tetraspanin superfamily and it play key roles in the activation of several cellular signaling cascades along with acting as TIMP1 receptor. It is expressed by activated platelets, monocytes,...    Read more.

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