Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Spike RBD His-tag Protein, CF Summary
| Additional Information |
Gamma Variant (Brazil) K417T, E484K, N501Y |
| Details of Functionality |
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA with Recombinant
Human ACE-2 His-tag
(Catalog #
933-ZN). |
| Source |
Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived sars-cov-2 Spike RBD protein
Arg319-Phe541(Lys417Thr, Glu484Lys, Asn501Tyr), with a C-terminal 6-His tag |
| Accession # |
|
| N-terminal Sequence |
Protein identity confirmed by mass spectrometry. |
| Protein/Peptide Type |
Recombinant Proteins |
| Purity |
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining. |
| Endotoxin Note |
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Applications/Dilutions
| Dilutions |
|
| Theoretical MW |
26 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
| SDS-PAGE |
32-40 kDa, under reducing conditions |
Packaging, Storage & Formulations
| Storage |
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
|
| Buffer |
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. |
| Purity |
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining. |
| Reconstitution Instructions |
Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. |
Notes
This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.
Alternate Names for Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Spike RBD His-tag Protein, CF
Background
SARS-CoV-2, which causes the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), belongs to a family of viruses known as coronaviruses that also include MERS‑CoV and SARS-CoV-1. Coronaviruses are commonly comprised of four structural proteins: Spike protein (S), Envelope protein (E), Membrane protein (M) and Nucleocapsid protein (N) (1). The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is a glycoprotein that mediates membrane fusion and viral entry. The S protein is homotrimeric, with each ~180-kDa monomer consisting of two subunits, S1 and S2 (2). In SARS-CoV-2, as with most coronaviruses, proteolytic cleavage of the S protein into S1 and S2 subunits is required for activation. The S1 subunit is focused on attachment of the protein to the host receptor while the S2 subunit is involved with cell fusion (3-5). A receptor binding domain (RBD) in the C-terminus of the S1 subunit has been identified and the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 shares 73% amino acid (aa) identity with the RBD of the SARS-CoV-1, but only 22% aa identity with the RBD of MERS‑CoV (6, 7). The low aa sequence homology is consistent with the finding that SARS and MERS‑CoV bind different cellular receptors (8). The RBD of SARS-CoV-2 binds a metallopeptidase, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), similar to SARS-CoV-1, but with much higher affinity and faster binding kinetics (9). Before binding to the ACE-2 receptor, structural analysis of the S1 trimer shows that only one of the three RBD domains is in the "up" conformation. This is an unstable and transient state that passes between trimeric subunits but is nevertheless an exposed state to be targeted for neutralizing antibody therapy (10). Polyclonal antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 protein have been shown to inhibit interaction with the ACE-2 receptor, confirming RBD as an attractive target for vaccinations or antiviral therapy (11). There is also promising work showing that the RBD may be used to detect presence of neutralizing antibodies present in a patient's bloodstream, consistent with developed immunity after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 (12). Several emerging SARS-CoV-2 genomes have been identified including the P.1 (Brazilian) variant (13). The P.1 variant contains 3 mutations of interest in the RBD domain: K417T, E484K, and N501Y (13). The E484K substitution alone has been shown to confer resistance to several monoclonal antibodies and is responsible for the first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (14). Structural analysis points to E484K as a potentially crucial mutation as it creates a new site for hACE-2 binding and may enhance binding affinity (15).
- Wu, F. et al. (2020) Nature 579:265.
- Tortorici, M.A. and D. Veesler (2019) Adv. Virus Res. 105:93.
- Bosch, B.J. et al. (2003). J. Virol. 77:8801.
- Belouzard, S. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106:5871.
- Millet, J.K. and G.R. Whittaker (2015) Virus Res. 202:120.
- Li, W. et al. (2003) Nature 426:450.
- Wong, S.K. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:3197.
- Jiang, S. et al. (2020) Trends. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007.
- Ortega, J.T. et al. (2020) EXCLI J. 19:410.
- Wrapp, D. et al. (2020) Science 367:1260.
- Tai, W. et al. (2020) Cell. Mol. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007.1.
- Okba, N.M.A. et al. (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200841.
- Ferrareze, P.A.G. et al. (2021) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.27.42689.
- Vasques Nonaka, C.K. et al. (2021) Emerg Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2705.21019.1.
- Wang, W.B. et al. (2021) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.17.431566.
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