B7-2/CD86 Antibody (37301) [mFluor Violet 610 SE]

mFluor(TM) is a trademark of AAT Bioquest, Inc. This conjugate is made on demand. Actual recovery may vary from the stated volume of this product. The volume will be greater than or equal to the unit size stated on the datasheet.

B7-2, also referred to as CD86, is a glycosylated type 1 membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily (1). B7-2/CD86 is constitutively expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B cells and functions in controlling immune responses through either costimulatory or coinhibitory signals (1,2). Expression of B7-2 is upregulated by APCs upon activation and can be induced in T cells (1,3). The human B7-2 protein, encoded by the CD86 gene, is 329 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 37.6 kDa (4). The B7-2 protein contains characteristic Ig variable-like (IgV) and constant-like (IgC) domains within its extracellular region (1,3). B7-2/CD86 has structural similarity and shares ~25% sequence homology with another B7 family molecule, B7-1/CD80 (3,5). Both B7-1 and B7-2 are ligands for the activating receptor CD28 and the regulatory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) which are expressed on subsets of T cells (1-3,5-7). However, B7-1 and B7-2 bind to CTLA-4 with higher affinity than CD28 (3,5,6). B7-2/CD86 binding to CD28 results in costimulatory signals to promote T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production (1-3. 5-7). Binding to CTLA-4 initiates coinhibitory signaling to attenuate the pro-inflammatory T cell response, while also promoting the suppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells through expression of indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase (IDO) (1-3,6,7). Molecules involved in T cell co-signaling have become considerable targets of interest for cancer immunotherapy (7). The anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab, first approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, prevents B7-1/B7-2 molecules from binding to CTLA-4, thus driving B7-CD28 binding and promoting costimulatory signals and antitumor effects (1,7,8). Combination therapies targeting co-signaling molecules are currently under investigation to improve antitumor response for treatment of both melanoma and non-melanoma cancers (7,8).

References

1. Collins M, Ling V, Carreno BM. The B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands. Genome Biol. 2005;6(6):223. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2005-6-6-223

2. Greaves P, Gribben JG. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Blood. 2013;121(5):734-744. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-10-385591

3. Bolandi N, Derakhshani A, Hemmat N, et al. The Positive and Negative Immunoregulatory Role of B7 Family: Promising Novel Targets in Gastric Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910719

4. Uniprot (P42081)

5. Bhatia S, Edidin M, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. B7-1 and B7-2: similar costimulatory ligands with different biochemical, oligomeric and signaling properties. Immunol Lett. 2006;104(1-2):70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2005.11.019

6. Ohue Y, Nishikawa H. Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?. Cancer Sci. 2019;110(7):2080-2089. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.14069

7. Chen L, Flies DB. Molecular mechanisms of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition [published correction appears in Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Jul;13(7):542]. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(4):227-242. https://doi.org/1010.1038/nri3405

8. Karimi A, Alilou S, Mirzaei HR. Adverse Events Following Administration of Anti-CTLA4 Antibody Ipilimumab. Front Oncol. 2021;11:624780. https://doi.org/101010.3389/fonc.2021.624780

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Array FAB141MFV610

• B7-2/CD86 Antibodies
• B7-2/CD86 Antibody Pairs
• B7-2/CD86 ELISA Kits
• B7-2/CD86 Proteins
• B7-2/CD86 Proteins and Enzymes
• B7-2/CD86 ELISA