Response To Insulin Stimulus Pathway Bioinformatics
Insulin is a peptide hormone that is responsible for helping with the regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as it causes the cells of various tissues to absorb glucose in various forms from the bloodstream. An insulin stimulus causes both insulin and glucose to migrate to the cells that require energy, where the insulin then binds to an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, which autophosphorylates and starts a multitude of cascades through different signaling molecules, which include Akt and PKB. The cascades can lead to functions such as cell growth, glucose and lipid homeostasis, apoptosis, and the influx of glucose into the cell, which occurs due to the movement of GLUT4 vesicles to the membrane, which creates a glucose transmembrane channel. Deficiencies in insulin or resistance to the protein can lead to glucose not being able to enter the cell, which can result in diseases including diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome.
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